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Oral surgery > Nerves > Flashcards

Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

First Cranial nerve

A

-Olfactory nerve(smell)

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2
Q

Second Cranial nerve

A

Optic nerve (sight)

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3
Q

Third Cranial nerve

A

Oculomotor nerve (Orbital muscles for eye movement)

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4
Q

Fourth Cranial nerve

A

Trochlear nerve (Orbital muscles for eye movement)

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5
Q

Fifth cranial nerve

A 
Trigeminal nerve( Motor: movement of the **jaws** and **muscles of mastication**
Sensory: sensation of feeling for the **face, teeth, and periodontal ligaments**, and anterior two thirds of the **tongue**)
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6
Q

Sixth Cranial nerve

A

Abducens nerve (Orbital muscles for eye movement)

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7
Q

Seventh Cranial nerve

A

Facial Nerve ( Motor: to the muscles of facial expression
Sensory: taste to anterior two-thirds of tongue
Secretory: to submandibular and sublingual glands)

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8
Q

Eighth Cranial nerve

A

Auditory Nerve(Sense of hearing, position, and balance)

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9
Q

Tenth Cranial nerve

A

Vagus nerve( Pharyngeal and laryngeal movements: digestive tract)

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10
Q

Eleventh Cranial Nerve

A

Accessory nerve(Neck movements: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles)

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11
Q

Twelfth Cranial nerve

A

Hypoglossal nerve ( Motor: tongue movement (muscles)

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12
Q

Largest cranial nerve

A

Trigeminal nerve

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13
Q

Trigeminal Nerve origin

A
  • Large seminlunar or trigeminal ganglion on the superior surface of the petrosal portion of the temporal bone
  • Located in semilunar fossa medial to foramen ovale
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14
Q

Trigeminal nerve divisions

A
  • Division I- Ophthalmic
  • Division II- Maxillary nerve
  • Division III- Mandibular nerve
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15
Q

Ophthalmic and maxillary nerve are

A

Afferent only(sensory)

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16
Q

Mandibular nerve is

A

Efferent (motor) and afferent (sensory)

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17
Q

Supply afferent/sensory neurons that provide the brain with information about the position of the teeth and jaws at all times

A

Maxillary and mandibular divisions

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18
Q

Proprioceptive neurons supply

A

Periodontal ligament around
each tooth from maxillary and mandibular divisions of trigeminal nerve

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19
Q

Have richest supply of proprioceptive endings

A

Canines

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20
Q

TMJ proprioceptive neurons

A

In the capsule and disc and innervated by the auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

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21
Q

Ophthalmic Nerve origin

A

exits skull through superior orbital fissure on the superior surface of the orbit

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22
Q

Ophthalmic Nerve branches

A
  • *-Lacrimal nerve** (smallest),
  • *-Frontal nerve**(largest )
  • Nasociliary nerve
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23
Q

Ophthalmic Nerve sensations

A

-Touch, pain, pressure
-Skin of upper third of face (forehead and anterior scalp, and the skin around the eyeball, eyelid and nose,
and part of the nasal mucosa)
-Maxillary sinus

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24
Q

Maxillary nerve sensations

A

touch, pain, pressure, and temperature

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25
Q

The maxillary nerve innervates

A
  • Middle third of face and the palate
  • Pulp of all maxillary teeth
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26
Q

The maxillary nerve exists the brain through

A

Foramen rotundum

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27
Q

After passing through foramen rotundum, the maxillary nerve passes into

A

The pterygopalatine space and splits into four branches

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28
Q

Four important branches of the Maxillary nerve

A
  • -Pterygopalatine*
  • -Posterior superior alveolar (PSA)*
  • -Infraorbital*
  • -Zygomatic nerve*
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29
Q

First branch of the maxillary nerve

A

Pterygopalatine nerve

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30
Q

Where does the pterygopalatine nerve split off from

A

-Close to foramen rotundum

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31
Q

Which branch of the Pterygopalatine Nerve passes through the greater palatine foramen and what does it become?

A

Descending palatine nerve becomes Greater palatine nerve

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32
Q

Greater palatine nerve innervation

A
  • Mucosa of posterior part of hard palate
  • Palatal gingiva of posterior teeth
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33
Q

Nerves that arise posterior to the Greater palatine foramen

A

Middle and Posterior (lesser) palatine nerves enter the palate through the lesser palatine foramen to spread posteriorly to supply the tonsils and mucosa of the soft palate

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34
Q

Long branch of Pterygopalatine nerve that runs along roof of nasal cavity

A
  • Nasopalatine nerve
  • Runs along nasal septum->enters bone of palate->arises in anterior palate through incisive foramen
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35
Q

Nasopalatine nerve Innervates

A

-Soft tissue of the nasal septum and gingiva

-Palatal soft tissue lingual to the anterior teeth

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36
Q

The right and left nasopalatine nerves combined with the greater palatine nerves innervate

A

Soft tissues of entire hard palate

37
Q

Second branch of Maxillary nerve

A

Posterior Superior Alveolar nerve (PSA) nerve

38
Q

Before the maxillary nerve enters the infraorbital fissure and canal on the floor of the orbit it gives off

A

Posterior Superior Alveolar nerve

39
Q

The Posterior superior alveolar nerve enters

A

-Alveolar canals on infratemporal portion of maxilla

40
Q

-Once in maxillary bone the posterior superior alveolar nerve supplies

A

-Maxillary molars(except mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars)

  • Alveolar bone
  • PDL
  • Facial gingiva of maxillary molars
  • Mucosa of part of maxillary sinus
  • Cheek mucosa next to maxillary molars
41
Q

Third Branch of the maxillary nerve

A

Infraorbital nerve

42
Q

In the pterygopalatine space, a third branch of the maxillary nerve splits off and passes through

A
  • Inferior orbital fissure on floor of orbit and enters infraorbital canal
  • Becomes infraorbital nerve
43
Q

Within the infraorbital canal the infraorbital nerve gives off two branches

A

Middle superior alveolar nerve(MSA) and Anterior superior alveolar nerve (ASA)

44
Q

The middle superior alveolar nerve passes

A

Forward through lining of maxillary sinus

45
Q

Branches of middle superior alveolar nerve supply

A
  • Maxillary premolars and mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar
  • Alveolar bone
  • Periodontal ligaments
  • Facial gingiva
  • In maxillary premolar region and part of maxillary sinus
46
Q

Second branch given off by the infraorbital nerve while in the infraorbital canal

A

Anterior superior alveolar nerve

47
Q

Anterior superior alveolar nerve supplies

A
  • Pulp
  • Supporting alveolar bone
  • Periodontal ligaments
  • Facial gingiva
  • Of maxillary anterior teeth and part of maxillary sinus
48
Q

Infraorbital nerve exits from

A

Infraorbital foramen

49
Q

After exiting from the infraorbital foramen, the infraorbital nerve splits into terminal branches that innervate

A
  • Skin and mucosa of side of nose(nasal nerve)
  • Skin and mucosa of lower eyelid(palpebral nerve)
  • Skin and mucosa of upper lip, facial gingiva of maxillary premolars and facial gingiva of anterior teeth(labial nerve)
50
Q

Fourth branch of maxillary nerve

A

Zygomatic nerve

51
Q

The zygomatic nerve arises in

A

-Pterygopalatine fossa

-Enters orbit via infraorbital fissure and then divides into zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial nerves(upper and lower branches)

52
Q

The zygomatic nerve supplies

A

-Skin of temporal region and lower part of orbit

53
Q

Division III of trigeminal nerve

A

Mandibular nerve

54
Q

Mixed nerve (sensory and motor) and only motor portion of trigeminal nerve

A

Mandibular nerve

55
Q

Motor fibres of mandibular nerve supply

A

-8 muscles of mastication

-Mylohyoid muscle

-Anterior belly of the digastric muscle

56
Q

Sensory fibres of mandibular nerve supply

A
  • Touch, pain, pressure and temperature
  • Lower third of face
  • Floor of mouth
  • Anterior two thirds of tongue(not taste)
  • Mandibular teeth
57
Q

The mandibular nerve exits the neurocranium through

A

Foramen ovale

58
Q

As mandibular nerve exists foramen ovale

A

-Passes into infratemporal space(Space medial to mandibular ramus and zygomatic arch and inferior to temporal bone

-Divides into four branches as it passes inferiorly to mandibular foramen

59
Q

Four main branches of mandibular nerve

A
  • Auriculotemporal nerve
  • Buccal nerve
  • Lingual nerve

- Inferior alveolar nerve

60
Q

First branch of the mandibular division

A

Auricular temporal nerve

61
Q

Auriculotemporal nerve origin

A

-Comes off main trunk immediately below base of skull and turns backwards to provide sensation

62
Q

Auriculotemporal nerve supplies

A
  • Pain and proprioception fibres to the TMJ
  • Skin of outer ear
  • Lateral aspect of skull and cheek
63
Q

Buccal nerve origin

A

-Comes off just below foramen ovale

-Passes through infratemporal space between the two heads of lateral pterygoid muscle and then down and forward toward to the buccinator muscle

64
Q

Buccal nerve innervates

A

-Mucosa and skin of cheek in area of mandibular molars up to corner of mouth

-Sometimes second premolars

65
Q

Lingual nerve origin

A

Inferior to foramen ovale

-Passes downward and medial to ramus but lateral to medial pterygoid muscle to mucous membrane just lingual to last molar

66
Q

Lingual nerve innervation

A
  • Touch, pain, pressure, temperature(not taste)
  • Dorsal(top) and ventral(bottom) surface of anterior two thirds of the tongue and adjacent tissues(floor of mouth, inner surface of mandible and lingual gingiva of entire mandible)
67
Q

Inferior alveolar nerve origin

A

-Diverts from mandibular nerve on medial side of lateral pterygoid muscle

68
Q

The inferior alveolar nerve parallels the direction of the

A
  • Lingual nerve
  • Descends between sphenomandibular ligament and ramus to mandibular foramen
69
Q

At the mandibular foramen the Inferior alveolar nerve

A

Gives off mylohyoid nerve and enters mandibular foramen

70
Q

The mylohyoid nerve pierces the

A

Sphenomandibular ligament and travels forward in the mylohyoid groove to supply mylohyoid muscle

71
Q

Once the Inferior alveolar nerve enters the mandible through the mandibular foramen it is in the

A
  • Mandibular canal
  • Gives off dental branches that spread through trabecular bone of mandible
  • Enter apical foramen of all mandibular molars and premolars
  • Innervates PDL and alveolar processes of those teeth
72
Q

Within the mandibular canal, the Inferior alveolar nerve splits near the roots of the premolars to become

A

-Mental and incisive nerves

73
Q

Incisive nerve supplies

A
  • Mandibular incisor and canine teeth
  • Their PDLs and alveolar processes
74
Q

The mental nerve branch of the Inferior alveolar nerve exits from the body of the mandible through

A

-Mental foramen

75
Q

Mental nerve supplies

A
  • Facial gingiva of the mandibular incisors, canines, and premolars
  • Mucosa and skin of the lower lip and chin on that side up to the midline
76
Q

Motor(efferent) branches of mandibular nerve supply to muscles of mastication

A
  • Masseteric nerve-(Masseter muscle and TMJ)
  • Posterior and anterior temporal nerves(Temporalis muscle)
  • Medial pterygoid nerve(medial pterygoid muscle)

-Lateral pterygoid nerve(lateral pterygoid muscle)

77
Q

Facial nerve fibres are

A

Mixed(sensory and motor)

78
Q

Facial nerve route of travel from brain

A

-Penetrates petrous portion of temporal bone through external acoustic meatus

-Exits skull between styloid and mastoid process through stylomastoid foramen

-Passes through parotid gland

79
Q

Efferent fibres of facial nerve innervate

A
  • Muscles of facial expression
  • Posterior belly of digastric muscle
  • Stylohyoid muscle
  • Stapedius muscle
80
Q

Secretory fibres of Facial nerve innervate

A

-Secretions from Sublingual(Under mucosa in floor of mouth superior to mylohyoid muscle) and Submandibular glands(Located in submandibular fossae on medial surface of mandible inferior to mylohyoid muscle)

81
Q

Afferent(sensory) fibres of Facial nerve origin

A

-Chorda tympani branch- branch off within petrous portion of temporal bone

-Course through tympanic cavity and exit skull through petrotympanic fissure

82
Q

The Chorda tympanic fibres of the facial nerve join with

A

-Lingual nerve and supply sense of taste to anterior two thirds of tongue

83
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve type

A
  • Mixed nerve(sensory and motor)
  • Supplies parts of tongue and pharynx
84
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve exits the skull via

A

-Jugular foramen

-Passes down and forward to enter tongue

85
Q

Afferent fibres of Glossopharyngeal nerve supply

A

-Taste and sensation to posterior one third of tongue

-Sensation to mucosa of pharynx and tonsils

86
Q

Motor nerves of the Glossopharyngeal innervate

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle of the pharnyx

87
Q

Secretory fibres of the Glossopharyngeal nerve innervate

A

Parotid gland

88
Q

The hypoglossal nerve exits the skull through

A

-Hypoglossal canals above occipital condyles(near anterior border of foramen mangnum)

89
Q

Hypoglossal nerve innervation

A
  • Descends steeply to muscles that move tongue
  • Genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus

Oral surgery (93 decks)

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