44.complications Of Odontogenic Inflammatory Diseases

Question 1

Causes of sepsis in the context of odontogenic inflammatory diseases

Answer 1

• odontogenic infections=>
• Toxic condition resulting from the systemic inflammatory response

Question 2

Complications that can arise from sepsis

Answer 2

• Septic shock
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
• Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)
• Death

Question 3

How sepsis diagnosed in adults

Answer 3

• Infection and two or more of the following SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) criteria met=>
• Temperature >38°C or <36°C.
• Heart rate >90 beats/min.
• Respiratory rate >20 breaths/min or PaCO2 <32 mmHg
• Leukocyte count >12,000 cells/µl, <4,000 cells/µl

Question 4

Mediastinitis and how it arises from maxillofacial infections

Answer 4

• Inflammation of the mediastinum=>
• Infections through pretracheal fascia, lateral pharyngeal space, and/or retropharyngeal spaces

mediastinum=>the area between the pleural cavities.

Question 5

Clinical features of mediastinitis

Answer 5

• Fever, chills
• Shortness of breath, chest pain
• Dyspnea, and dysphagia

Question 6

Treatment for mediastinitis

Answer 6

• Thoracic surgeons=> Incision, drainage, debridement
• Surgical airway management
• Antibiotics

Question 7

Cavernous sinus

Answer 7

• Cavity bordered by sphenoid and temporal bone
• Within the skull, immediately
  behind each orbit
• Drains blood from the brain and face back to the heart

contains oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III), the trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV), the ophthalmic nerve and maxillary nerves that are the branches of the
trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), the abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI), and the internal
carotid artery.

Question 8

cavernous sinus thrombosis and what causes it

Answer 8

• Blockage of a large vein within the cavernous sinus by a blood clot=>
• Typically caused by bacterial infections
• Odontogenic abscesses can also be involved

May be from bacterial infections spreading from the paranasal sinuses, ears, eyes, nose, or skin of the face

Question 9

clinical features of cavernous sinus thrombosis

Answer 9

• Starts on one side but can spread to the opposite
• Abrupt onset of unilateral periorbital edema
• Headache
• Inability to move the eye, photophobia, vision loss

Question 10

Treatment for cavernous sinus thrombosis

Answer 10

• Antibiotics
• Surgical intervention=> manage the source of infection and thrombosis