Preneoplastic lesions and tumors of the oral cavity in MFA. Frequency, Classification, etiology

Question 1

Classifications of Premalignant findings

Answer 1

• Precancerous lesions→ Morphologically altered tissue where cancer more likely too occur
• Precancerous conditions→ Generalised state associated with increased risk of cancer

Question 2

Types of precancerous lesions

Answer 2

• Leukoplakia
• Erythroplakia
• Palatal keratosis

Question 3

Types of precancerous Conditions

Answer 3

• Lichen planus
• Oral submucous fibrosis
• Syphilis
• Discoid lupus erythematous
• Sideropenic dysphagia
• Xeroderma pigmentosum
• Epidermolysis bullosa

Question 4

Histological grading of dysplasia’s

Answer 4

-Grade 1- mild→ affects lower third of epithelium w/ cytological atypia

Grade 2- Moderate→ affects middle third of epithelium

Grade 3- severe→ affects two thirds of epithelium w/ cytological atypia

Question 5

Definition of Leukoplakia

Answer 5

• White plaque of questionable risk
• When other known diseases have been excluded
• Possible dysplasia

Question 6

Leukoplakia location

Answer 6

• Lip vermillion
• Buccal mucosa
• Lateral border of tongue
• Floor of mouth
• Gingival mucosa

Question 7

Types of Leukoplakias

Answer 7

Homogenous and non homogenous

Question 8

Homogenous leukoplakia

Answer 8

Uniformly flat and thin

Question 9

Non homogenous leukoplakias

Answer 9

• Speckled type→ White and red
• Nodular type→ Red and white polypoid growth
• Verrucous type→ Wrinkled appearance
• Erythroleukoplakia→ larger red areas than speckled type and some dysplasia

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia→ Nodular, papillary of verrucous projections and strong prediction for malignant transformation

Question 10

Erythroleukoplakia definition

Answer 10

• Fiery red patch that cant be characterised as another lesion
• Highest risk of malignant transformation

Question 11

Oral submucous fibrosis definition

Answer 11

• Chronic disorder of upper digestive tract characterised by fibrosis of mucosa and submucosa
• Common in populations that consume Areca nut

Question 12

Oral submucous fibrosis clinical presentation

Answer 12

• Burning sensation
• Ulceration
• Blanching or mucosa
• Leathery mucosa
• Difficulty w/ mouth opening and mastication

Question 13

Effect of Area Alkaloids

Answer 13

• Fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis
• Reduction in collagen inhibiting collagenases

Question 14

Oral lichen planus

Answer 14

• Most prevalent
• White striations or papules in bilateral areas
• May become erythematous, ulcerative or bullous in appearance