Chapter 7 Part 1) Axiel Skeleton Flashcards
1
Q
Axiel Skeleton
A
- 80 Bones divided into three sections (Skull, Vertebreal column, thoracic cage).
- Three Functions
- Form Longitudial Axis of body
- Support head neck and trunk
- Protect brain, spinal chord, and thoraic organs
2
Q
The Skull
A
- Formed by Facial Bones and Cranial Bones
- Joints in Cranial skull are called sutures.
3
Q
Cranial Base
A
- Formed by the Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Fossae (depression)
4
Q
Cranial Cavities
A
- Middle Ear Cavity
- Internal Ear cavity
- Nasal Cavity
- Orbital Cavity (eyeballs)
5
Q
Parietial Bone and Major Sutures
A
- We have two Large Parietial Bones on the most superior aspect of the cranial vault.
- Four major sutures of the Parietal Bone
- Coronal Suture) Between Parietal and Frontal Bone
- Sagital Suture) Between Left and Right Parietal Bones
- Lambdoid Suture) Between Parietial and Occipitial Bone
- Squamous Sutures) Between Paritetal and Temproral bones.
6
Q
Occipital Bone
A
- Most of the Posterior Wall and Posterior Cranial Fossa of the Skull.
- Major Structures
- Foramen Magnum) Large Base Hole
- Occipital Condyles) Articulate with first vertebre. Allows “yes” head motion
- Hypoglossal canal) Cranial nerve XII
- External Occipital Protuberance) Large bump on back of head
- External Occipital Crest) Secures ligamentum nechea
- Superior and Inferior Nuchal Lines
7
Q
Temporal Bone
A
- 2 Found on the Sides of the head
- Made of 4 parts) Squamous, Tymphanic, Mastoid, Peatrous.
- Major Structures
- Zygomatic Process) Meats zygmotic bone anteriorly
- External Acoustic Meatus) Passage in eardrum
- Petrous Part) Holds middle and internal ear cavitites
- Jugular Foramen) Jugular, Nerves IX, X, XI
- Cartoid Canal) Cartoid Artery
- Foramen Lacerum) Cartlidge in living person
- Internal Acutsic Meatus) Cranial Nerves VII and VIII
- Mastoid Process) anchoring for some muscles.
- Styloid Process) Attachment for tounge and neck muscles, and ligament that holds hyloid bone to the skull.
- Stylomastoid Formen) Between styloid and mastoid process, allows nerve VII to leave skull.
8
Q
Sphenoid Bone
A
- Keystone Bone of Cranial Bones. This is because it articulates with all other cranial bones.
- Three Processes
- Greater Wings
- Lesser Wings
- Pterygoid Processes) Anchor ptergoid Muscles (chewing muscles) `
- Major Parts
- Sella Turcia) Turks Saddle, Hypophysis fossa which forms an enclosure for the petuitarty gland.
- Optic Canals) allow optic nerve (II) to pass through.
- Superior Orbital Fissure) Allows Cranial nerves that control eye movment to (III, IV, VI)
- Forman Rotundum) Passage of cranial nerve V
- Forman Ovale) Passage of cranial nerve V
- Forman Spinosum) Tranmsits meninginal artery, serves internal face of cranial bone.
9
Q
Ethmoid Bone
A
- Deepest Skull Bone
- Helps build the Roof of the Nasal Cavity.
- Imprortnant parts
- Cribriform Plates) Form roof of nasal cavity. Contain Cribriform/Olfactory Formina that allows passage of olfactary nerve (I).
- Crista Galli (Rooster Comb) Outermost covering of brain attaches to the crista galli and secures brian to cranial cavity.
- Perpendicular Plate) Forms superior part of Nasal Septum.
- Lateral Mass) contains ethmoid air cells which are thin walled celular cavities.
- Middle Nasal Conchae) Increases air flow
- Superior Nasal Conche) Increases Air flow.
10
Q
Sutural Bones
A
- Tiny bones in the Sutures of the Skull, Not everyone has these
11
Q
Frontal Bone
A
- Forms the Anterior Portion of the Cranial bones
- Major Structures
- Anterio Cranial Fossa) Holds Brain.
- Frontnasal Suture)
- Frontal Sinisus) Lateral to the glabella
- Squamous Part) Forhead
- Supraorbital Foramen) Allows passage of supraorbital artery and nerve
- Suprorbital Margin) Forms part of the Orbit.
12
Q
Mandible
A
- Forms the Lower Jaw. Largest, Strongest Facial bone
- Important Parts
- Temporomandinular Joint) Only freely movable joint in skull.
- Mandibular Formina) allows lower jaw teeth to have nerve sensation. (Dentists inject ludocaine to numb area in this formina)
- Mental Formina) Allows blood vessels and nerves to pass to skin of chin.
- Condylar Process) articualtes with mandibular fossa making the tempomandular joint.
- Aveolar Process)
- Corniod Process) Insertion for jaw muscle that elevates mandible.
- Mandubular Angle
- Mandibular Notch
- Mandibular Sumpahysis) Medial fusion point for mandibles
13
Q
Maxillary Bone
A
- KEYSTONE BONE) articulates with all other facial bones except the mandible. Holds Maxillary Sinisus.
- Major Structures
- Incissive Fossa) Leads to incisicve canal. For passage of nerves and blood vessels.
- Infoerior Orbital Fissure) Zygomatic Nerve, Maxillary Nerve and bloodvessels to pass to face.
- Infraorbital Formen) Allows infraorbital nerve to reach the face.
- Anterior Nasal Spine) Outer part of nose
- Frontal Process) Front face
- Hard Palate) forms roof of mouth. Contains Palitine Process
- Maxillary Sinuses)
- Zygomatic Process) of maxilla.
14
Q
Zygomatic Bones
A
- Inferolateral margins of orbits
- Three processes
- Temporal processes
- Frontal Processes
- Maxillia processes
15
Q
Nasal Bones
A
- Form the bridge of the nose
- Cartlidge attaches inferiorly to the nasal bone to form the nose.
16
Q
Lacermial Bones
A
- In medial walls of the orbits
- Lacrimal fossa) depression for tearduct.
