Chapter 7 Part 2) Appendicular skeleton Flashcards
1
Q
Appendicular Skeleton (regions)
A
- Pectoral Girdle) Attaches arm bones to the body trunk
- Pelvic Girlde) Attaches lower limbs to body trunk.
2
Q
Pectoral Girdle
A
- Clavicles and Scapulae
- Attach limbs to axial skeleton. Also provide attachemnt sites for teh muscles that move upper limbs.
- Very mobile because
- Scapulae is not attached to external skeleton
- Socket of shoulder joint is shallow and does not restrict movment.
3
Q
Clavicle
A
- S- shaped bone.
- Sternal end atriculates with the sternum medially
- Acromial end (flattened end) articulates with the scapula. (curved shape)
- Acts as an anchor for muscles or as braces to hold the scapulae and arms out laterally.
4
Q
Scapula
A
- Thin, triangular flat bones on dorsal (back) surface of rib cage.
- Has three boarders
- Superior) shortest, sharpest boarder (top of clavicle)
- Medial (Vertebreal) Runs parallel to the spine
- Lateral (auxillary) Near armpit, ends superiorly in glenoid cavity fossa (shoulder joint)
5
Q
The Upper Limb
A
- Arm) Formed by the humerus
- Forearm) formed by the radius and ulna
- Hand)
- 8 carpal bones in the wrist
- 5 metacarpal bones in the palm
- 14 phalanges in the fingers
6
Q
Humerus
A
- Longest, Largest bone of the arm.
- Artculates superiorly with the glenoid cavity of the scapula
- Artucilates inferiorly with the radius and ulna.
7
Q
Ulna
A
- Meidal Bone of the Forearm
- Forms the major portion of the elbow joint with the humerus
8
Q
Radius
A
- Lateral Bone in forarm
- Head articulated wuth capitulum of humerus anf radial noth of ulna
9
Q
Hand
A
- Carpus (wrist) Made of 8 bones in two rows
- Proximal Row (lateral to medial) Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrium, and Pisiform
- Distal Row) Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.
- Remember (Sally Left The Party To Take Cindy Home)
- Only Scaphoid, Lunate, and Triquetrum form wrist.
- Metacarpals) Palm)
- Five bones labeled 1-5 starting at the thumb.
- Philanges) 14 bones of the finger (thumb has 2)
- Labeled 1-5 starting at the thumb.
- Has distal, middle, and proximal part (except pollux which has no middle).
10
Q
Pelvic (Hip) Girlde
A
- Formed by 2 hip bones and the sacrum
- Funtions
- Attach lower limbs of skeleton with strong ligaments.
- Transmit the wight of the upper body to the lower limbs.
- Support the pelvic organs
- Less mobile but more stable than the shoulder
- Deep socket (antabeulum) hold head of femur.
11
Q
Hip Bone (three regions)
A
- Illium
- Supeior region of the coxyl bone
- Auricular Surface articulates with the Sacrum.
- Ischium
- Posteroinferior part of the hip bone
- Pubis
- Anterior portion of hip bone
- Pubis bones join at the pubic synaphasis joint.
12
Q
Pelvis
A
- Formed by hip bones, sacrum, and coxyx.
- Female pelvis tends to be wider, shallower, and lighter than a males.
- Adapted for birth
- Pelvic Brim) line that runs from pubic creast through arcuante line and sacral promirtary.
- True pelvis) Inferior to Pelvic Brim (defines birth canal)
- False Pelvis) Superior to Pelvic Brim.
- Pelvic Outlet) Inferior Margin of true pelvis.
13
Q
Comparrison of male and female pelvis
A
- Female Pelvis) adopted fore child bering
- True pelvis defines birth canal
- Capicity of true pelvis is broad, shalllow and had more capicity
- Male Pelvis)
- Tilted less forwartd
- cavity of true pelvis is far less forward
14
Q
Lower Limb
A
- Carries entire weight of body
- Sunjected to exceptional forces when running or jumping
- Three parts
- Thigh
- Leg
- Foot
15
Q
Bones of the Thigh
A
- Femur) Largest and strongest bone in the body
- Articulates proximally with acetabulum of hip and distially with the tibia and patella.
- Forvea capitis) short ligament of the head of the femur is located in a pit. It connects to the acetabelum where it securs the femur
- Patella) Kneecap
- Sesmoid bone in quad tendon that protects knee joint.
