Exam 2 PPTs - 7

Question 1

Dog domestication - what is known:

• dogs were the first domesticated species and the only animal known to enter into domestic relationship with people during the …
• the specific wolf population from which dogs derived appears to be …
• genetic and archaeological evidence from modern and ancient dogs and wolves demonstrates that dog domestication took place in …

Answer 1

Pleistocene;
extinct;
Eurasia

Question 2

Dog domestication - unknown:

• the … under which the relationship between humans and dogs began
• the time frame, and the number and location(s) of potential …
• the earliest generally accepted dog dates to about …

Answer 2

circumstances;
independent domestication regions;
15,000 years ago

Question 3

Dog domestication - unknown:
- claims for the existence of domestic dogs as early as 40ka have been made on the basis of: …, …, …, … assessments of ancient canid remains

Answer 3

morphological;
isotopic;
genetic;
contextual

Question 4

Dog domestication - unknown:

- none of these potential domestication markers is fail-safe, since wolves and early domesticated dogs can b …

Answer 4

difficult to distinguish from each other

Question 5

Dog domestication:

- dogs have assisted humans with … and …, guarding … and …, and played crucial roles in …

Answer 5

hunting;
livestock management;
house; field;
major wars

Question 6

Dog domestication:

• from … to production of … and …
• there are more than 350 distinct breeds

Answer 6

companionship;
fur;
meat

Question 7

• analysed more than 48,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
• 912 dogs from 85 breeds
• 225 … (the ancestor of the domestic dog) from 11 globally distributed populations

Answer 7

grey wolves

Question 8

Genes under selection:

• genes that have been implicated in … and/or … in mouse or human studies
• possible selection in a gene responsible for Williams-Beuren syndrome in humans, which is characterized by … traits such as …

Answer 8

memory formation;
behavioural sensitization;
social;
exceptional gregariousness

Question 9

Genes under selection:

• within dog breeds, nearly all dogs are assigned to a …
• this result reflects the limited number of …, … and … characteristic of many breeds

Answer 9

breed of origin;
founders;
inbreeding;
small effective population size

Question 10

Dog domestication and the dual dispersal of people and dogs into the Americas:

• the spatiotemporal patterning of specific dog mitochondrial lineages are often correlated with the known dispersal of human groups at different times and places
• dogs dispersed out of the … along with …
• the first dogs to arrive in New Zealand did so with newly arriving …
• people and dogs also dispersed together in the ….

Answer 10

Near East;
farmers;
Polynesians;
North American Arctic

Question 11

Dog domestication and the dual dispersal of people and dogs into the Americas:

• dogs accompanied the early human groups who moved from … across the … into the Americas
• the archaeologically documented presence of dogs in the in the Americas by at least …

Answer 11

northeast Asia;
Bering Land Bridge (Beringia);
10,000 ya