1.1 + 1.2 esophagus etc; 1.3 fem reprod - 1st wk embryo Flashcards
(78 cards)
1
Q
stains nuclei blue in H&E stain
A
hematoxalin
2
Q
basophilic stain in H&E stain
A
hematoxalin
3
Q
acidophilic stain in H&E stain
A
eosin
4
Q
stains cytoplasm & connective tissue pink in H&E stain
A
eosin
5
Q
PAS stain stands for
A
periodic acid-Schiff stain
6
Q
PAS stains nuclei what color
A
blue
7
Q
stains glycoproteins pink
A
PAS
8
Q
stains basement membranes pink
A
PAS
9
Q
stains laminin pink
A
PAS
10
Q
stains microvilli pink
A
PAS
11
Q
stains cellular and connective tissue different colors
A
Azan stain or another “trichrome stain”
12
Q
approximate light microscope resolution?
A
~1 micron
13
Q
typical light microscope section thickness
A
5-10 microns
14
Q
endothelium
A
lines blood vessels
15
Q
serosa
A
outer layer of an organ consisting of epithelial layer (mesothelium) and connective tissue layer
16
Q
adventitia
A
outer layer of an organ consisting of connective tissue without epithelial layer
17
Q
adventitia vs serosa
A
outer layer of organ – adventitia just connective tissue vs serosa connective tissue and epithelial boundary
18
Q
layer surrounding all orifices, wet
A
mucosa
19
Q
mesothelium (adult)
A
simple squamous epithelial layer covering all true serous membranes
20
Q
smooth muscle layer nearest the lumen of the esophagus
A
muscularis mucosae
21
Q
muscle layer adjacent to the serosa of the esophagus
A
muscularis externa
22
Q
connective tissue subjacent to the mucosa
A
submucosa
23
Q
non-mucosal smooth muscle circling the esophagus
A
inner circular layer
24
Q
non-mucosal smooth muscle outside the inner circular layer, running longitudinally along the esophagus
A
outer longitudinal layer
25
lamina propria
connective tissue layer within the mucosa connecting the mucosal epithelium and the muscularis mucosae
26
the muscular layers of the esophageal muscularis externa
inner circular layer; outer longitudinal layer
27
three layers of the esophageal mucosa
mucosal epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
28
what is the name of the muscular layer of a tubular organ if the muscularis mucosae is absent?
muscularis propria
29
what is the name of the muscular layer of a tubular organ if the muscularis mucosae is present?
muscularis externa
30
histological artifact
man-made structure created in processing
31
is mitochondria eosinophilic or hematoxophilic?
eosinophilic
32
why is it unusual to see the cell membrane by light microscopy?
thickness is small ~ 7.5 nanometers. LM resolution is ~ 1 micron
33
why do cells sometimes shrink away from each other in processing? e.g. smooth muscle cells separating into fascicles
dehydration by immersion in increasing concentrations of alcohol
34
name an anuclear cell
red blood cell
35
name 9 tissue layers of the esophagus
from lumen out
mucosa: -epithelium, -lamina propria, -muscularis mucosae
-submucosa
muscularis externa: -inner circular layer, connective tissue, -outer longitudinal layer
-adventitious/serous connective tissue
-mesothelium (serous epithelium)
36
name for the epithelial layer of the serosa
mesothelium
37
glycogen, glycoproteins, proteoglycans -- which 2 do PAS stain?
glycogen and glycoproteins, NOT proteoglycans
38
difference between glycoprotein and proteoglycan
```
glycoprotein = macromolecule containing glycogen and protein
proteoglycan = class of glycoprotein consisting of higher carb/protein ratios
```
39
what are two modern names for fallopian tube?
oviduct; uterine tube
40
two main functions of the ovary
oogenesis
| hormone secretion
41
2 hormones secreted by ovary
estrogen
| progesterone
42
3 regions of of uterine tube
fimbrae - sweep in oocyte from peritoneal cavity
infundibulum - funnel
ampulla - tube & usual site of fertilization
43
3 layers of uterus
endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium
44
2 layers of endometrium
functionalis - nurtures zygote or sloughs
| basalis - stem cell layer
45
functionalis
layer of endometrium that nurtures zygote in pregnancy or sloughs off in menstrual cycle
46
basalis
stem cell layer of endometrium - not sloughed
47
3 phases of menstrual cycle
menstrual
proliferative
secretory
48
site of oocyte maturation
ovarian follicle
49
progression of ovarian follicular development to ovulation
- primordial follicle: oocyte surrounded by flat layer of follicular cells, developed before birth
- primary follicle: growth; follicular cells become granulosa cells; zona pellucida develops. this stage begins at puberty
- secondary follicle - fluid filled antrum develops within granulosa cells
- graafian follicle - mature follicle chosen for ovulation, ~day 14 of menstrual cycle
50
zona pellucida - what is it, when does it develop, when does it degenerate?
glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte; develops in the primary follicle; degenerates for implantation
51
3 innermost layers of an ovulated secondary oocyte
oocyte
zona pellucida
granulosa cells (corona radiata)
52
fluid filled compartment that develops in the secondary follicle
antrum
53
what is the name of the mature follicle just before ovulation?
graafian follicle
54
structure between uterus and vagina
cervix
55
male gamete is called:
spermatozoan
56
female gamete is called:
oocyte
57
contains enzymes to penetrate the corona radiata and zona pellucida of the oocyte
acrosome cap of the sperm
58
reaction when sperm reaches plasma membrane of oocyte that prevents multiple sperm from entering oocyte
zona reaction -- reaction of the zona pellucida
59
when sperm and oocye nuclei exist in plasma before fusing they are called:
pronuclei
60
fusion of sperm and oocyte results in a...
zygote
61
12 cell embryo stage is called...
morula
62
embryo is called a ______ when entering uterus
morula - 12 cell stage
63
morula enters uterus ___ days post fertilization
3-4 days
64
map from fertilization to implantation
zygote
2 cell stage
4 cell stage
12 cell stage - morula - 3-4 days post fert
blastocyst - implantation - 6 days post fert
65
2 parts of blastocyst
embryoblast - inner cell mass - rise of tissues
| trophoblast - outer cell mass - rise of placenta
66
degenerates to allow implantation
zona pellucida
67
embryoblast
inner cell mass of blastocyst - gives rise to tissues of embryo
68
trophoblast
outer cell mass of blastocyst - gives rise to placenta
"trophe" = nutrition
69
how many days post fertilization does implantation occur?
~6 days
70
how many days into the menstrual cycle does fertilization typically occur?
day 14
71
what phase of the menstrual cycle does fertilization typically occur?
proliferative phase
72
tube of oviduct and typical site of fertilization
ampulla
73
structure that sweeps in ovulated oocyte from peritoneal cavity
fimbrae
74
funnel between the fimbrae and ampulla of oviduct
infundibulum
75
oocyte surrounded by flat layer of follicular cells, developed before birth
primordial follicle
76
growth; follicular cells become granulosa cells; zona pellucida develops. this stage begins at puberty
primary follicle
77
fluid filled antrum develops within granulosa cells
secondary follicle
78
graafian follicle
mature follicle chosen for ovulation, ~day 14 of menstrual cycle
