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Science 8 > 1.1-1.3 Cell Unit vocab > Flashcards

1.1-1.3 Cell Unit vocab Flashcards

Learning the Cell unit vocabulary (112 cards)

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1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

Cell

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2
Q

What is a group of single celled mirco-organisms, some of which can cause disesase?

A

Bacteria

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3
Q

What is the thin protective covering that seperates the interior of the cell from its surroundings and controls the movement of particles in and out of the cell

A

Cell Membrane

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4
Q

what are the three parts of cell theory

A
  1. cell is the basic unit of life 2. all organisms are composed (made up of) of one or more cells 3. all cells come from other living cells
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5
Q

What is the cell wall

A

A tough rigid structure that surrounds and protects a plant cell and gives it the rectangular boxlike shape

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6
Q

What is a chloroplast?

A

parts of plant cells that trap energy from the sun and changes it into chemical energy that plants use

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7
Q

What does a compound light microscope do?

A

It is the kind of microscope used in science classes and most medical laboratories to enlarge images

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8
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

The jelly-like substance wihin a cell, containing organelles, water and other life supporting materials

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9
Q

What is diffusion? (Bacon)

A

The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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10
Q

What is an electron micrograph?

A

An image made by an electronic microscope

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11
Q

What is endoplasmic recticulum?

A

In cells a network of membrane covered chanels that transport materials (highway)

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12
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

A type of cell whose organelles are surrounded by membranes

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13
Q

What is a golgi body

A

a structure in cells that sorts proteins and packs them into vesicles (Gold digger sorting gold)

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14
Q

what is a Lysosome

A

a cell structure containing digestive chemicals that function to break down food particles, cell wastes and worn-out cell parts. (Stomach)

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15
Q

What is metabolism?

A

the total of all chemical reactions that takes place in a cell

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16
Q

What are mitochondrion

A

the energy producers in a cell that carry out cellular respiration to produce energy for the cells

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17
Q

What is the nucleus of a cell?

A

the organelle that controls all the activities within a cell

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18
Q

what are organisms

A

living things

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19
Q

what is osmosis

A

the diffusion of water particles through a selectively permeable membrane. particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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20
Q

What is a procaryotic cell?

A

A type of cell whose organelles are not surrounded by membrane

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21
Q

what are organelles

A

a part of a cell in which functions are carried out to ensure a cell’s survival

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22
Q

What is a ribosome

A

an organelle that assembles protein

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23
Q

What is a scanning electron microscope?

A

A powerful microscope that scientists use for research

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24
Q

What is selectively permeable membraine?

A

a membrane that allows some materials to pass through it but keeps other materials out

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25
What is a vacuole
a temporary storage compartment in cells, sometimes used to store waste. They are much larger in plant cells
26
What is a virus?
tiny non-living particles that are capable of reproducing only when they are inside a host cell. They have no nucleus or organelles and cause disease
27
What is a cell?
the basic unit of life
28
What is bacteria
a single celled micro-organism some of which cause disease
29
What is a cell membrane?
the thin protective covering that separates the interior of the cell from its surroundings and controls the movment of particles in and out of the cell
30
What is one of the main ideas of modern biology?
cell theory
31
what is the tough rigid structure that surround and prtects a plant cell and gives it the rectangular boxlike sides
cell wall
32
parts of plant cells that trap energy from the sun and changes it into chemical energy that plants use
chloroplast
33
It is the kind of microscope used in science classes and most medical laboratories to enlarge images
compound light microscope
34
The jelly-like substance wihin a cell, containing organelles, water and other life supporting materials
cytoplasm
35
The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
diffusion
36
An image made by an electronic microscope
electron micrograph
37
In cells a network of membrane covered chanels that transport materials (proteins) (highway)
endoplasmic reticulum
38
A type of cell whose organelles are surrounded by membranes
eukaryotic
39
a structure in cells that sorts proteins and packs them into vesicles (gold digger)
Golgi boyd
40
a cell structure containing digestive chemicals that function to break down food particles, cell wastes and worn-out cell parts. (stomach)
Lysosome
41
the total of all chemical reactions that takes place in a cell
Metabolism
42
the energy producers in a cell that carry out cellular respiration to produce energy for the cells
Mitochondrion
43
the organelle that controls all the activities within a cell
nucleus
44
all living things are called
organisms
45
the diffusion of water particles through a selectively permeable membrane. particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Osmosis
46
A type of cell whose organelles are not surrounded by membrane
Procaryotic cell
47
a part of a cell in which functions are carried out to ensure a cell's survival
organelles
48
an organelle that assembles protein
ribosome
49
Name the powerful microscope that scientists use for research
scanning electron microscope
50
a membrane that allows some materials to pass through it but keeps other materials out
a selectively permeable membrain
51
a temporary storage compartment in cells, sometimes used to store waste. They are much larger in plant cells
vacuole
52
tiny non-living particles that are capable of reproducing only when they are inside a host cell. They have no nucleus or organelles and cause disease
virus
53
What is the difference between a bacteria and a virus?
Bacteria are single celled organisms. Virus is a particle that needs a host cell to survive and reproduce.
54
What are the five things that show something is alive?
1. living things respond to their environment. 2. living things need energy 3. living things grow 4.living things reproduce 5. living things get rid of waste
55
what looks like a network of folded channels (highway)
endoplasmic reticulum
56
what looks like a tough rigid structure around the cell
cell membrane
57
what is a jelly like substance inside the cell
cytoplasm
58
what does cytoplasm contain?
water, organelles,life suporting materials
59
what contains the DNA
nucleus
60
what does the nucleus do
controls all activity in the cell
61
what do mitochondria do
make energy/produce energy for the cell
62
what do mitochondria look like
A jelly bean with an inner and outer membrane
63
what do chloroplasts do
trap energy from the sun and change it to chemical energy for the plant
64
what do chloroplasts look like
usually greenish colour organelle
65
what does a vacuole do
temporarily stores waste and liquid
66
is a vacuole larger in plant or animal cells
larger in plant cells
67
which has more vacuoles plant or animal
more in animal but smaller ones
68
what does a vesicle do
moves material in and out and around the cell
69
what does a vesicle look like
membraine bound sac smaller than a vacuole
70
what does the golgi body do (gold digger)
packages and sorts some materials for transport in or out of the cell
71
what does a golgi body look like
packs proteins into vesicles
72
what does lysosome do (stomach)
helps breakdown large particles of old and worn out organelles
73
what does lysosome look like
little circles that contains digestive enzymes
74
What is deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
75
what is DNA
the hereditary material in cells
76
what is cellular respiration
when chemical energy from food is changed into energy that the cell can use. this happens in the mitochondria
77
How do you know if the cell does more work than another cell?
it has more mitochondria.
78
what happens in ribosomes?
proteins are assembled inside ribosomes like a factory
79
where are ribosomes found?
some float in cytoplasm other are found in endoplasmic reticulum
80
why is endoplasmic reticulum folded?
it gives it a greater surface area in a small space
81
What are two features found in plant cells that are not in animal cells?
cell walls chloroplasts
82
what is photosynthesis
the chemical reaction that takes place when carbon dioxide and water react in the presence of sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen
83
what is the difference between procaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells
Procaryotic cells organelles are not surrounded by membrane, they are smaller, single cell organisms, no nulclei Eucaryotic cell organelles ARE surrounded by membrane, they are larger, multicellular organisms and only a few single cell organisms
84
How many types of bacteria are there
over 5000
85
are all bacteria harmful
no, you need bacteria such as to digest food
86
what are the three shapes of bacteria
cocci (Sphere shaped) bacilli (rod shaped) spirilla (spiral shaped)
87
are viruses alive
no
88
what is the only information insde a virus
DNA to reproduce, all other functions are from the host cell
89
what is diffusion
when particles move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentraion
90
when a cell membrane is selectively permeable, what does that mean?
some materials can be transported through it, but not all materials, like a coffee filter
91
what does concentration of particles mean?
the amount of substance in a given area
92
what is the cell membrane's most important function?
to allow the movements of materials ouside the cell into the cell
93
what is osmosis
the diffusion of water particles through a selectively permeable membrane
94
what is equilibrium
when there is an equal quantity of particles on each side of a membrane
95
what do ribosomes look like?
tiny dark granules
96
where do you find ribosomes
free floating in the cytoplasm or in the endoplasmic reticulum
97
what is stored in vesicles
cell protein
98
what do vesicles look like
a bubble like organelle
99
what transports protein inside a cell
golgi apparatus
100
what does the golgi body produce
lysosomes
101
what do lysosomes do?
they are like little stomachs inside animal cells that help the cell digest food molecules and other molecules
102
how is energy created in plants so they can grow
chloroplasts use the sun energy
103
using sun energy is called
photosynthesis
104
what is the green pigment (colour) in chloroplasts called
chlorophyll
105
what is the selective flow of particles through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration
osmosis
106
What takes up 70% of the inside of a cell?
Water
107
Who was the first person to use a simple microscope to see cells?
Robert Hooke in 1665
108
Why did he name cells cells?
Because they reminded him of a monk's room in a monastery which are called cells.
109
what does the word cell mean?
comes from the word cella, which means store room or small container
110
Schleiden and Schwann in the 1800s discovered what amazing thing?
that all living things are made up of cells, and that the cell is the basis for plants and animal development
111
In 1864 Pasteur discovered what?
That new living things can only come from other living things.
112
Hooke, Schelieden, Schwann and Pastuer's findings led to what theory?
cell theory

Science 8 (34 decks)

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