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Pelvis, Perineum, + Lower Limb > 11/15 Pelvis Anatomy > Flashcards

11/15 Pelvis Anatomy Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

What comprises the antero-inferior wall of the pelvic cavity?

A

Pubis and pubic symphysis
− Weight bearing

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2
Q

What comprises the lateral pelvic walls of the pelvic cavity?

A

Os coxae
Obturator foramen and membrane

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3
Q

What comprises the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity?

A

Bony wall and roof- sacrum and coccyx
Musculoligmantous posterolateral walls
(piriformis, sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments)

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4
Q

What comprises the pelvic floor (inferior boundary) of the pelvic cavity?

A

Formed by the funnel shaped pelvic diaphragm- coccygeus and levator ani muscles and fascia

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5
Q

What does the pelvic inlet (superior pelvic aperture) divide? What defines it?

A

Divides the pelvis into greater and lesser pelvis
Defined by the pelvic brim

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6
Q

What composes the pelvic brim?

A

Sacral promontory, bilateral linea terminalis

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7
Q

What comprises the pelvic outlet (inferior pelvic aperture)?

A

Pubic arch, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligaments, and tip of the coccyx

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8
Q

What comprises the greater pelvis (false pelvis)?

A

Abdominal viscera

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9
Q

What composes the lesser pelvis (true pelvis)?

A

Between the pelvic inlet and outlet

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10
Q

Where is the lesser pelvis (true pelvis)?

A

Between the pelvic inlet and outlet

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11
Q

The pelvic girdle is a basin-shaped ring of bones that connects the

A

Vertebral column and femurs

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12
Q

Is the pelvic girdle stronger or weaker than the pectoral girdle?

A

Stronger

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13
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic girdle?

A

To bear and transport weight of upper body.
Provide attachment for the powerful muscles of locomotion, posture, abdominal wall, erectile bodies, and membranes.
Support and protect the abdominopelvic viscera.

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14
Q

What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis

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15
Q

What kind of cartilage separates the pelvic girdle bones?

A

Triradiate

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16
Q

The triradiate cartilage parts of the pelvic girdle are

A

Sacroiliac joint, pubic symphysis

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17
Q

At what age do the sacroiliac joint and pubic symphysis fuse the pelvic girdle?

A

13-16 years old

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18
Q

In anatomical position of the pelvic girdle, what lies in the same plane?

A

ASIS and anterior aspect of pubic symphysis lie in the same vertical plane

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19
Q

What do the sacrospinous ligament and the sacrotuberous ligaments of the pelvic girdle prevent?

A

anterioinferior rotation of the upper sacrum

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20
Q

What are the two ligaments of the pelvic girdle that prevent anterioinferior rotation of the upper sacrum?

A

Sacrospinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament

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21
Q

What does the sacrospinous ligament connect?

A

Sacrum to ischial spine

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22
Q

What does the sacrotuberous ligament connect?

A

Posterior ilium, lateral sacrum and coccyx to ischial tuberosity

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23
Q

What do the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments form?

A

The greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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24
Q

What are the features of the male pelvis?

A

Narrow arch and angle
Greater pelvis- deep
Lesser pelvis- narrow and deep
Pelvic inlet- heart shaped
Large acetabulum

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25
What are the features of the female pelvis?
Wide arch and angle Greater pelvis- shallow Lesser pelvis- wide and shallow Pelvic inlet- oval and rounded Smaller acetabulum
26
What are the pelvic arch and angle like in a male and female pelvis?
Male: narrow arch and angle (2nd and 3rd digits spread apart) Female: wide arch and angle (thumb and 2nd digits spread apart)
27
What is the difference of the greater pelvis in a male versus female?
Male: deep Female: shallow
28
What is the difference in the lesser pelvis in a male and female?
Male: narrow and deep Female: wide and shallow
29
What is the difference in the pelvic inlet in males versus females?
Males: heart shaped Females: oval and rounded
30
What is the difference in the acetabulum in males versus females?
Males: large Females: smaller
31
What happens to the pelvic ligaments during pregnancy?
Increased levels of sex hormones and relaxin permits as much as 10-15% increase in diameter Increased circumference of the lesser pelvis Increased flexibility of the pubic symphysis
32
What ligaments relax due to relaxin in pregnancy?
ALL ligaments, not just in the pelvic region
33
How is the pelvic diaphragm/floor shaped? Where is it?
Bowl/funnel shaped muscular hammock, within lesser pelvis
34
What does the pelvic diaphragm/floor separate?
Separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum
35
Is the pelvic diaphragm/floor contracted? How so?
Always tonically contracted and is actively contracted during times of increased pressure (sneezing, jumping, etc.)
36
What is the pelvic diaphragm comprised of?
Coccygeus, Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, Iliococcygeus, Fascia
37
What makes up the levator ani?
Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, Iliococcygeus
38
What does the pelvic diaphragm attach to? What muscle does it divide?
Attaches to the overlying obturator fascia divides the obturator internus muscle into superior pelvic portion and inferior perineal portion
39
What is the puborectalis?
Thicker, narrower, medial part of the levator ani muscle. U-shaped muscular sling that passes posterior to the anorectal junction. Maintains fecal continence.
40
What does the pelvic floor support during birth?
Supports the fetal head while the cervix is dilating in preparation for birth
41
Which muscles of the pelvic floor are more likely to be torn?
Pubococcygeus and puborectalis
42
What are some of the consequences of damage to the pelvic floor during childbirth?
The muscles damaged during childbirth encircle and support the urethra, vagina, and anal canal. Weakening of these results in stress incontinence and/or prolapse of pelvic organs.
43
What kinds of pelvic floor dysfunctions can males have?
Male urinary dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, chronic pelvic pain
44
What is male urinary dysfunction?
leaking urine after expression, incontinence, constipation and other issues
45
What is male erectile dysfunction?
difficulty achieving and/or maintaining an erection
46
What are the peritoneal pouches
Peritoneum Supravesicular Paravesicular Vesicouterine/rectovesicle Broad ligament/ureteric folds Rectouterine/rectovesical Pararectal
47
1
Peritoneum
48
2
Supravesicular
49
3
Paravesicular
50
4
Vesicouterine/rectovesicle
51
5
Broad ligament/ureteric folds
52
6
Rectouterine/rectovesical
53
7
Pararectal
54
What is the pelvic fascia a continuation of?
The endoabdominal fascia
55
What types of pelvic fascia are there?
Membranous (parietal and visceral) Endopelvic (loose and condensed)
56
What types of membranous pelvic fascia are there?
Parietal and visceral
57
What is the parietal membranous fascia and what does it cover?
Deep fascia Lines the inner aspect of the muscles forming the walls and floor of the pelvis
58
What is the visceral membranous fascia and what does it cover?
Adventitia Ensheathes the pelvic organs
59
What is the area where the parietal and visceral layers of membranous pelvic fascia meet? Where is it?
Tendinous arch of pelvic fascia Bilateral band from pubis to sacrum
60
What is the tendinous arch of pelvic fascia called in males/females?
Males: puboprostatic ligament Females: pubovesical ligament
61
What is the endopelvic fascia and what does it do?
Abundant CT between two membranous layers. Acts as “packing material” for pelvic viscera.
62
What are the types of endopelvic fascia?
Loose areolar endopelvic fascia Condensed endopelvic fascia
63
What is the loose areolar endopelvic fascia and where is it?
Loose areolar CT, fatty. Found near the retropubic and retrorectal spaces
64
What is the condensed endopelvic fascia?
Pelvic ligaments- CT, SM and neurovascular bundles
65
A
Umbilical artery (anterior division)
66
B Where does it run
Obturator artery runs antero-inferiorly on the obturator fascia on the lateral wall of the pelvis
67
C
Superior vesical Superior portion of bladder
68
E
Lateral sacral
69
F Where does it go?
Inferior gluteal usually passes between S2 and S3; inferior to piriformis
70
G
Inferior vesical (Male only - inferior portion of bladder)
71
H Where does it go?
Internal pudendal passes inferolaterally, anterior to piriformis and sacral plexus. Leaves the pelvis between the piriformis and coccygeus.
72
I
Middle rectal
73
I
Middle rectal
74
J Where does it go?
Superior gluteal Passes between the lumbrosacral trunk and S1 ventral ramus
75
A
Superior gluteal
76
B
Umbilical
77
C
Obturator
78
D
Superior vesical
79
E
Uterine (Female only)
80
F
Iliolumbar
81
G
Inferior gluteal
82
H
Lateral sacral
83
Far right unlabeled
Internal pudendal
84
I
Middle rectal
85
J
Vaginal
86
What spinal levels does the obturator nerve come from?
L2-4
87
Where does the obturator nerve pass?
Obturator canal
88
What does the obturator nerve divide into?
anterior and posterior contributions to supply the medial thigh muscles
89
What roots is the lumbosacral trunk from?
L4-5
90
How is the lumbosacral trunk formed?
Descending part of L4 nerve unites with anterior ramus of L5, forming the lumbosacral trunk
91
Where does the lumbosacral trunk go?
Passes along anterior ala of sacrum to join the sacral plexus
92
What roots does the sacral plexus come from?
L4-S3
93
What does the sacral plexus continue as?
Sciatic nerves, pudendal nerves
94
What does the coccygeal plexus come from?
S4-5, coccygeal nerves
95
Where is the coccygeal plexus and what does it supply?
Lies on the pelvic surface of the coccygeus. Supplies coccygeus muscle, part of levator ani and the sacrococcygeal joint.
96
What are the four primary groups of lymphatic nodes for drainage of the pelvis?
External iliac, internal iliac, sacral, common iliac
97
receive lymph mainly from the inguinal lymph nodes but also pelvic viscera. These nodes drain into the common iliac nodes
External iliac nodes
98
clustered around the anterior and posterior divisions of the artery. Receive lymph drainage from the inferior pelvic viscera, deep perineum, and gluteal region. These drain into the common iliac nodes
Internal iliac nodes
99
located in the concavity of the sacrum, adjacent to the median sacral vessels. Receive lymph from postero-inferior pelvic viscera and drain to either internal or common iliac nodes
Sacral nodes
100
superior to pelvic brim along the common iliac blood vessels. Receive lymph drainage from external iliac, internal iliac and sacral nodes. Drain next to the lumbar nodes.
Common iliac nodes
101
What nodes drain into the common iliac nodes?
External iliac nodes, internal iliac nodes, sacral nodes

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