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Pelvis, Perineum, + Lower Limb > 11/17 Perineum Anatomy > Flashcards

11/17 Perineum Anatomy Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

what is the perineum

A

shallow, diamond-shaped region inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

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2
Q

what kind of boundaries does the perineum have

A

osseofibrous

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3
Q

two triangles of the perineum

A

anal and urogenital

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4
Q

does the shape of the perineum change?

A

yes, with lower extremity movement

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5
Q

perineum function

A

to support gastrointestinal, urinary, and genital viscera

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6
Q

boundaries of the perineum

A

pubic symphysis, ischiopubic ramus, ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament, coccyx

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7
Q

is the urogenital triangle sexually dimorphic?

A

yes

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8
Q

urogenital triangle contents

A

urethrae, vagina, erectile bodies, muscles, glands, neurovasculature, minimal adipose

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9
Q

anal triangle contents

A

anal canal, anus, minimal neurovasculature, substantial adipose tissue

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10
Q

what is the palpable central point of the perineum?

A

perineal body

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11
Q

perineal body

A

subcutaneous, irregular mass of collagen, elastic fibers, and interlacing skeletal and smooth muscles

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12
Q

when is the perineal body formed embryologically?

A

when the urorectal septum partitions the cloaca

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13
Q

perineal body function

A

provides passive support for pelvic viscera

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14
Q

what is the perineal membrane?

A

a dense, tough sheet of fascia attached to ischiopubic rami; posterior edge is attached to perineal body centrally

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15
Q

what does the perineal membrane cover?

A

the anterior pelvic outlet

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16
Q

perineal membrane functions

A

passive support for pelvic viscera
attachment sites for erectile bodies and musculature
divides urogenital triangle into superficial and deep pouches

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17
Q

where does perineal neurovasculature travel

A

through the pudendal canal

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18
Q

what is the pudendal canal

A

a horizontal canal within obturator fascia, between obturator internus and ischioanal fossa

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19
Q

pudendal nerve comes from

A

ventral rami of S2-4

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20
Q

pudendal nerve branches do what

A

innervate the majority of the perineum’s skin, muscle, and organs

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21
Q

internal pudendal artery supplies?

A

branches supply the perineum with minor assistance from external pudendal artery

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22
Q

what is the ischioanal fossae

A

wedge-shaped space on either side of anal canal filled with adipose tissue

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23
Q

why is the ischioanal fossa filled with adipose tissue

A

to support anal canal and permit deformation for the passage of feces

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24
Q

what does the ischioanal fossa contain

A

inferior rectal neurovasculature

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25
anal canal contains
anal columns, valves, and sinuses/crypts
26
anal canal function
to contain glands that exude mucus
27
anal verge is
junction of anal epithelium and skin
28
pectinate line
visible scalloped line in anal canal
29
what does the pectinate line mark
difference in embryological origin (hindgut endoderm or proctodeum ectoderm)
30
internal anal sphincter location
thickened layer of intestinal wall around superior 2/3 of anal canal
31
external anal sphincter location
inferior 2/3 of anal canal
32
the internal anal sphincter control
under sympathetic control for constant tone
33
the external anal sphincter controlled by
under somatic control
34
ischioanal/ischiorectal abscess is?
abscess that has penetrated through the external anal sphincter and into the ischioanal fossa
35
etiology of ischioanal abscess
infected anal sinus/crypt (could be from chronic constipation, trauma, STI)
36
internal hemorrhoids
varicosities of superior rectal veins internal venous plexus, covered in mucous membrane
37
external hemorrhoids
varicosities of inferior rectal veins external venous plexus, covered in skin
38
what is anatomical position of penis
erect
39
male external genitalia
scrotum, penis, prepuce (foreskin)
40
parts of penis
shaft, distal urethra, external urethral orifice, glans, fascia, neurovasculature
41
penis shaft is made up of
3 cylindrical, fused erectile bodies
42
3 erectile bodies of male genitalia
corpus spongiosum, corpora cavernosa x2
43
each male erectile body has
a tunica albuginea, with deep fascia of the penis binding them all together
44
4 parts of the male urethra
preprostatic/intramural, prostatic, intermediate/membranous, spongy
45
female external genitalia
vulva
46
vulva parts
mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, vestibule, 3 erectile bodies, prepuce, fascia, neurovasculature
47
vestibule contains
vaginal orifice and external urethral orifice
48
3 erectile bodies of female genitalia
bulbs of vestibule x2 clitoris
49
erectile bodies anatomy
crura attach to ischiopubic rami and are supported by perineal membrane, covered in musculature proximally
50
during erection what do erectile bodies do?
blood flow increases and the surrounding muscles compress the erectile bodies to inhibit venous return
51
function of erection in males
to fill with enough pressure to cause and maintain erection
52
function of erection in females
to increase sensitivity of vaginal orifice and surrounding tissues; to create swelling of vulva
53
types of perineal fascia
superficial and deep
54
types of superficial perineal fascia
superficial/fatty deep/membranous
55
What is the superficial perineal fascia (fatty layer) continuous with anteriorly and posteriorly?
anteriorly blends with abdominal camper fascia posteriorly blends with ischoanal fat and thighs
56
what does the fatty layer of the superficial perineal fascia help form in females?
mons pubis and labia majora
57
What is the superficial perineal fascia (deep layer) continuous with?
fuses with perineal membrane and deep fascia of thighs anteriorly, blends with abdominal scarpa fascia
58
what does the deep layer of the superficial perineal fascia blend with in males?
dartos fascia
59
What is the deep perineal fascia continuous with?
fuses with ischiopubic rami and suspensory ligament of penis/clitoris forms investing fascia of muscles in superficial perineal pouch blends with abdominal deep fascia superiorly
60
male contents of superficial perineal pouch
root of penis and associated muscles proximal spongy urethra superficial transverse perineal muscles posterior scrotal neurovasculature
61
female contents of superficial perineal pouch
clitoris, bulbs of vestibule, and associated muscles greater vestibular glands superficial transverse perineal muscles posterior labial neurovasculature
62
what are the associated muscles contained in both male and female superficial perineal pouches?
bulbospongiosus ischiocavernosus superficialtransverse perineal muscles
63
male contents of deep perineal pouch
intermediate urethra external urethral sphincter bulbourethral glands deep transverse perineal muscles neurovasculature of the penis and bulb of the penis anterior part of ischioanal adipose tissue
64
female contents of deep perineal pouch
proximal urethra external urethral sphincter part of vagina smooth muscle associated with perineal body neurovasculature of clitoris and bulb of vestibule anterior part of ischioanal adipose tissue
65
perineal lacerations etiology
often from childbirth
66
function of bulbourethral glands
to exude alkaline mucus during sexual arousal for lubrication and to neutralize urine
67
extravasation of urine
damage to the urethra leading to ectopic urine collection
68
etiology of extravasation of urine
stricture, calculi, trauma
69
rupture of intermediate urethra causes accumulation of what and where?
urine/blood travels into deep perineal pouch can spread extraperitoneally
70
rupture of spongy urethra causes accumulation of what and where?
urine/blood travels into superficial perineal pouch can spread into penis, scrotum, anterior abdominal wall
71
if the female urethra is damaged, the effects would be similar to a rupture of which region of the male urethra?
intermediate
72
difference between male and female lymphatic drainage of perinea
females have sacral lymph nodes, males do not
73
male lymphatic drainage
74
female lymphatic drainage

Pelvis, Perineum, + Lower Limb (12 decks)

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