11/17 Pelvic Autonomics

Question 1

overview of parietal sympathetic distribution to the pelvis

Answer 1

T11-L2 spinal segments -> descend sympathetic chain -> sympathetic chain ganglia synapse -> spinal nerve of lumbosacral plexus -> vasomotion, sudomotion, pilomotion

Question 2

overview of visceral sympathetic distribution to pelvic viscera

Answer 2

L1-L2 spinal segments -> bypass sympathetic chain ganglia -> lumbar splanchnic nerves -> inferior mesenteric ganglia -> hypogastric plexus -> pelvic viscera

Question 3

parasympathetic innervation of the pelvis comes from

Answer 3

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 4

pelvic splanchnic nerves come from which spinal segments

Answer 4

S2-S4

Question 5

superior hypogastric plexus has what kind of fibers

Answer 5

postganglionic sympathetic and visceral afferent nerve fibers

Question 6

inferior hypogastric plexus is divided into what

Answer 6

right and left inferior hypogastric plexus along the anterior sacrum

Question 7

inferior hypogastric plexus has what kind of fibers

Answer 7

postganglionic sympathetic, preganglionic parasympathetic, and visceral afferent fibers

Question 8

noxious stimuli

Answer 8

a stimulus that can evoke pain

Question 9

visceral affarent fibers conveying noxious stimuli from the pelvic viscera take different courses depending on

Answer 9

their location relative to the pelvic pain line (PPL)

Question 10

superior to the pelvic pain line, visceral afferent fibers associated with intraperitoneal organs course

Answer 10

along associated sympathetic fibers via lumbar splanchnic nerves

Question 11

inferior to the pelvic pain line, visceral afferent fibers associated with sub peritoneal organs course

Answer 11

along associated parasympathetic fibers via pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 12

visceral afferent fibers conveying homeostatic stimuli from the pelvic viscera course

Answer 12

along associated parasympathetic fibers via pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 13

what is not dependent on the pelvic pain line

Answer 13

the course of visceral afferent fibers conveying homeostatic stimuli

Question 14

homeostatic stimuli

Answer 14

parasympathetics

Question 15

noxious stimuli superior to the PPL

Answer 15

travels with sympathetics

Question 16

noxious stimuli inferior to PPL

Answer 16

travels with parasympathetics

Question 17

sympathetic innervation of the ureter causes what

Answer 17

inhibits ureter smooth muscle peristalsis via inhibition of autorhythmic ureter pacemaker cells

Question 18

parasympathetic innervation of the ureter does what

Answer 18

stimulates ureter smooth muscle peristalsis via stimulation of autorhythmic ureter pacemaker cells

Question 19

sympathetic innervation of the bladder causes

Answer 19

inhibits detrusor muscle contraction

Question 20

parasympathetic innervation of the bladder causes

Answer 20

stimulates detrusor muscle contraction

Question 21

are ureters above or below the PPL

Answer 21

above

Question 22

is the bladder above or below the PPL

Answer 22

part is above, part is below

Question 23

sympathetic innervation of the urethra causes

Answer 23

maintains tonus of internal urethral sphincter, prevents semen reflux into bladder during ejaculation

Question 24

parasympathetic innervation of the urethra causes

Answer 24

inhibits tonus of internal urethral sphincter, detrusor contraction constricts the urethral orifice, prevents urine reflux into the bladder

Question 25

is the urethra above or below the PPL

Answer 25

below

Question 26

somatic innervations of the urethra occurs via

Answer 26

perineal nerves to pudendal nerve

Question 27

somatic innervation of the urethra causes

Answer 27

tonic contraction of external urethral sphincter until conscious relaxation, ischiocavernosus and bulbosoingiosus contraction aides voiding the urethra

Question 28

sympathetic innervation of the anal canal causes

Answer 28

maintains tonus of internal anal sphincter

Question 29

parasympathetic innervation of anal canal causes

Answer 29

inhibits tonus of internal anal sphincter

Question 30

is the anal canal above or below the PPL

Answer 30

below

Question 31

sympathetic innervation of male genitalia causes

Answer 31

ejaculation: formation of seminal fluid

Question 32

parasympathetic innervation of male genitalia causes

Answer 32

erection: relaxation of vascular smooth muscle

Question 33

is the ductus deferens above or below the PPL

Answer 33

above

Question 34

are the seminal vesicles and prostate above or below the PPL

Answer 34

below

Question 35

somatic innervation of male genitalia comes from

Answer 35

perineal and posterior scrotal nerves to the pudendal nerve

Question 36

somatic innervation of male genitalia causes

Answer 36

maintain erection by ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus contraction causing compression of penile veins, also voiding the urethra

Question 37

sympathetic innervation of female genitalia, uterus, causes

Answer 37

uterine contractions

Question 38

parasympathetic innervation of female genitalia, uterus, causes

Answer 38

inhibits uterine contraction

Question 39

parasympathetic innervation of female genitalia, vaginal canal, causes

Answer 39

vestibular gland secretion

Question 40

parasympathetic innervation of female genitalia, clitoris, causes

Answer 40

clitoral erection: relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, straightening of the deep artery of the clitoris thus filling erectile tissues

Question 41

somatic innervation of female genitalia occurs via

Answer 41

perineal nerves to pudendal nerve

Question 42

somatic innervation of female genitalia, clitoris, causes

Answer 42

maintenance of clitoral erection: ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus contraction, compression of clitoral veins, limiting venous return

Question 43

are the gonads above or below the PPL? why?

Answer 43

above due to its embryological origin