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Pelvis, Perineum, + Lower Limb > 12/6 Ankle + Foot > Flashcards

12/6 Ankle + Foot Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

what ligaments make up the inferior tibiofibular joint?

A

anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

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2
Q

what do the inferior tibiofibular ligaments do?

A

hold the malleoli of the tibia and fibula together to create a socket for the talocrural articulation

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3
Q

what does the talus do?

A

receives weight of the body directly from the tibia
transmits weight to the rest of the foot via ligaments

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4
Q

what muscle compartment does dorsiflexion of the ankle

A

anterior compartment of the leg

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5
Q

what muscle compartment does plantar flexion of the ankle

A

posterior and lateral compartments of the leg

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6
Q

what is the action that all muscles with tendons that cross anterior to the malleoli do?

A

dorsiflexion

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7
Q

what is the action that all muscles with tendons that cross posterior to the malleoli do?

A

plantarflexion

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8
Q

where is the joint capsule of the ankle thin? where is it strengthened?

A

thin anteriorly and posteriorly, strengthened medially and laterally

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9
Q

how is the joint capsule of the ankle strengthened medially and laterally?

A

via collateral ligaments

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10
Q

three ligaments that contribute to the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle

A

anterior talofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament

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11
Q

four parts of the medial collateral ligament of the ankle

A

tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar

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12
Q

how is the medial collateral ligament of the ankle clinically approached?

A

as one ligament despite having four parts

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13
Q

subtalar joint is made of what, generally?

A

articulation of the talus and calcaneus

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14
Q

what specifically articulates in the subtalar joint?

A

posterior calcaneal facet of talus with posterior talar facet of calcaneus

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15
Q

what actions occur at the subtalar and transverse tarsal joint?

A

inversion and eversion of the ankle

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16
Q

what two joints make up the transverse tarsal joint?

A

talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joint

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17
Q

skin of the dorsal surface of the foot is

A

thin with loose subcutaneous tissue (lots of edema when injured)

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18
Q

skin of the plantar surface of the foot is

A

thick with highly developed skin ligaments with fat-filled shock-absorbing pads

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19
Q

deep fascia of the foot, dorsal surface is

A

thin and continuous with the inferior extensor retinaculum

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20
Q

deep fascia of the foot, plantar surface is

A

made up of fascia and aponeurosis (centrally the thickest)

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21
Q

where does the plantar fascia originate from

A

calcaneus posteriorly

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22
Q

where does the plantar fascia extend to

A

superficial transverse metatarsal ligament anteriorly, with continuation onto the 5 fibrous digital sheaths

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23
Q

what are the first layer foot muscles?

A

abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi

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24
Q

what innervates the first layer foot muscles? what is the exception?

A

medial plantar nerve (from tibial nerve)
abductor digiti minimi is innervated by lateral plantar nerve

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25
what are the second layer foot muscles?
quadratus plantae, lumbricals
26
what innervates the second layer foot muscles? what is the exception?
lateral plantar nerve (from tibial nerve) medial 1 lumbrical is innervated by medial plantar nerve
27
what does quadratus plantae do
inserts on flexor digitorum longus to assist FDL in flexion of the lateral 4 digits and insures there is no medial deviation
28
where do the lumbricals arise from
off of flexor digitorum longus and inserts on the dorsal side of phalanyx
29
what are the third layer foot muscles?
flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis
30
flexor hallucis brevis innervation
medial plantar nerve
31
adductor hallucis innervation
deep lateral plantar nerve
32
flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation
superficial lateral plantar nerve
33
what are the fourth layer foot muscles?
plantar interossei (3) and dorsal interossei (4)
34
what innervates the fourth layer foot muscles?
lateral plantar nerve
35
what are the muscles of the dorsal aspect of the foot?
extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis
36
what innervates the muscles of the dorsal aspect of the foot?
deep fibular nerve from common fibular
37
what do tendons of extensor digitorum brevis blend with
tendons of extensor digitorum longus
38
all muscles of the plantar surface of the foot were innervated by a division of what nerve
tibial
39
three ligaments of the foot? what are they important for?
long plantar, short plantar, and spring important for maintaining foot arches
40
long and short plantar ligaments can be found where?
lateral plantar surface
41
long plantar ligament extends from what to what?
calcaneus to cuboid, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals
42
what does the long plantar ligament form a tunnel for?
fibularis longus tendon
43
short plantar ligament extends from what to what?
inferior surface of calcaneus to cuboid
44
short plantar ligament belongs solely to
calcaneocuboid joint
45
spring ligament can be found where?
medial plantar surface
46
spring ligament extends from what to what?
sustentaculum tali of calcaneous to posterior inferior surface of navicular bone
47
what does spring ligament do?
supports head of talus
48
where is spring ligament in relation to tendon of tibialis posterior muscle
deep to tendon of TP
49
function of foot arches
provide room for plantar muscles, vessels, and nerves shock absorbers distribute weight help keep foot stable during gait
50
three arches of the foot
transverse, medial, lateral
51
which arch is most shallow
lateral
52
what travels through the tarsal tunnel, from anterior to posterior?
tibialis posterior tendon, flexor digitorum longus tendon, posterior tibial artery/vein, tibial nerve, and flexor hallucis longus tendon
53
trick for remembering what travels through tarsal tunnel
Tom, Dick, AN Harry (only works at the level of medial malleolus)
54
the ability to maintain foot arches occurs via
passive and dynamic structures
55
passive component of arch maintenance
plantar aponeurosis, long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament, spring ligament
56
what does passive arch maintenance rely on?
the shape of the bones of the foot and the dense connective tissue
57
what does dynamic arch support rely on?
active and tonic muscular contraction
58
dynamic component of both longitudinal and transverse arch maintenance
bracing action of intrinsic muscles of the foot
59
dynamic component specific to longitudinal arches
tibialis anterior and posterior, fibularis longus, flexor hallucis and digitorum longus
60
dynamic component specific to transverse arch
tibialis posterior and fibularis longus
61
arterial supply of the foot comes generally from what?
terminal branches of anterior and posterior tibial arteries
62
terminal branches of anterior tibial artery
dorsalis pedis a --> lateral tarsal a and arcuate a --> dorsal metatarsal and digital a
63
terminal branches of posterior tibial artery
medial plantar a (to hallux) lateral plantar a --> deep plantar arch --> plantar metatarsal and digital a
64
deep venous drainage of the leg and foot
runs with and shares arterial nomenclature
65
deep lymphatic drainage of the leg and foot
lymph --> popliteal nodes --> deep inguinal nodes
66
superficial venous drainage
medial marginal v -->great saphenous v --> femoral v OR lateral marginal v --> small saphenous v --> popliteal v
67
superficial lymphatic drainage
medially, lymph --> superficial inguinal lymph nodes laterally, lymph --> popliteal lymph nodes --> deep inguinal lymph nodes
68
lymphatic drainage from inguinal lymph nodes goes to
iliolumbar nodes --> iliolumbar trunks --> cisterna chyli --> thoracic duct
69
cutaneous innervation of the foot, saphenous nerve
medial foot to 1st metatarsal
70
cutaneous innervation of the foot, superficial fibular nerve
dorsum of foot and majority of digits
71
cutaneous innervation of the foot, deep fibular nerve
dorsal adjoining sides of digits 1&2
72
cutaneous innervation of the foot, medial plantar nerve
medial sole of foot of digits 1-3 & 1/2 of 4
73
cutaneous innervation of the foot, lateral plantar nerve
lateral sole of foot of digits 5 & 1/2 of 4
74
cutaneous innervation of the foot, sural nerve
lateral hind foot and midfoot
75
cutaneous innervation of the foot, calcaneal branches
heel

Pelvis, Perineum, + Lower Limb (12 decks)

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