11: CNS

Question 1

What kind of tissue are the meninges?

Answer 1

Connective tissue

Question 2

What are the 3 layers of the meninges from superficial to deep?

Answer 2

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

Question 3

What is the space between to arachnoid mater and pia mater called? What is it filled with?

Answer 3

Subarachnoid space
Filled with CSF

Question 4

What are the 3 functions of CSF?

Answer 4

Buoyancy
Protection (Cushion)
Environmental stability

Question 5

Where is the CSF produced?

Answer 5

Choroid plexus
Eppendymal cells

Question 6

What is the name of the structure that acts as a one-way passage for blood and CSF from the subarachnoid space back to the heart (through the superior sagittal sinus)?

Answer 6

Arachnoid granulation or arachnoid villi

Question 7

What is the name of the infoldings of the dura?

Answer 7

Dural septa

Question 8

What condition results from excessive CSF? What causes it?

Answer 8

Hydrocephalus

Obstruction of CSF flow
Overproduction of CSF
Impaired drainage of CSF

Question 9

What is the location of conscious thought processes and complex intellectual functions?

Answer 9

Cerebrum

Question 10

What lobe is responsible for decision making, personality, verbal communication, and voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles?

Answer 10

Frontal lobe

Question 11

What lobe is responsible for sensory interpretation of textures and shapes, and understanding speech?

Answer 11

Parietal lobe

Question 12

What lobe is responsible for the auditory and olfactory experiences?

Answer 12

Temporal lobe

Question 13

What lobe is responsible for vision?

Answer 13

Occipital lobe

Question 14

What lobe is responsible for taste?

Answer 14

Insula

Question 15

What does homunculus mean?

Answer 15

Little person

Question 16

What gyrus is also known as the primary somatosensory cortex?

Answer 16

Postcentral gyrus

Question 17

What gyrus is also known as the primary motor cortex?

Answer 17

Precentral gyrus

Question 18

Is the cortex grey matter or white matter?

Answer 18

Grey matter

Question 19

What is another name for groups of axons in the CNS?

Answer 19

Tracts (or fasciculi but who would use that instead)

Question 20

What are the three classifications of axons within a tract?

Answer 20

Association fibers
Commissural fibers
Projection fibers

Question 21

What do association fibers do?

Answer 21

Connect gyrus to gyrus and lobe to lobe within the same hemisphere

Question 22

What do commissural fibers do?

Answer 22

Cross over the midline, connecting hemisphere to hemisphere

Question 23

What is the largest commissural fiber bundle in the brain?

Answer 23

Corpus callosum

Question 24

What do projection fibers do?

Answer 24

Connect different brain structures and regions to each other, like the thalamus to the cerebral cortex

Question 25

What do subcortical nuclei aid with?

Answer 25

Long-term memory formation emotional responses starting, stopping, and monitoring movement

Question 26

What is the one region of the brain that has the same name from birth to adulthood?

Answer 26

Diencephalon

Question 27

What is the diencephalon composed of?

Answer 27

Anything with "thalamus" in the name Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus

Question 28

What does the thalamus do?

Answer 28

Acts as a relay station for sensory and motor information entering the cerebrum

Question 29

What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 29

B (Behavior) E (Endocrine) E (Emotion) T (Temperature control) S (Sleep/wake cycles) H (Hunger/thirst) A (Autonomic control) M (Memory)

Question 30

What is the hypothalamus composed of?

Answer 30

Infundibulum Pituitary gland

Question 31

What does the word cerebellum mean?

Answer 31

Little brain

Question 32

What is the cerebellar equivalent to a gyrus?

Answer 32

Folia

Question 33

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 33

Fine-tunes, smoothens, and coordinates muscle movements Balance/equilibrium

Question 34

What three structures constitute the brainstem?

Answer 34

Midbrain Pons Medulla

Question 35

What does the brainstem do?

Answer 35

Acts as a bidirectional passageway between cerebrum and spinal cord Contains autonomic reflex centers essential for survival Is a point of attachment for cranial nerves

Question 36

What is the medulla responsible for?

Answer 36

Cardiac center Vasomotor center Respiratory center Reflexes (coughing, sneezing, gagging, vomiting, etc.)

Question 37

What does the limbic system do?

Answer 37

Involved in emotion, memory, and motivation "Emotional Brain"

Question 38

What parts of the brain constitute the limbic system?

Answer 38

Fornix Cingulate gyrus Parahippocampal gyrus Amygdala Hippocampus

Question 39

How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves are there?

Answer 39

C1-8 T1-12 L1-5 S1-5 Co1

Question 40

The spinal cord has more prominent lateral horns when passing through which vertebrae?

Answer 40

Thoracic

Question 41

What do ascending pathways of the spinal cord transmit?

Answer 41

Sensory info

Question 42

What do descending tracts on the spinal cord transmit?

Answer 42

Motor info