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Anatomy > 14: Endocrine > Flashcards

14: Endocrine Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

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2
Q

What are tropic hormones?

A

Hormones that affect the release of other hormones

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3
Q

True or false: The endocrine can affect any cell in the body

A

True

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4
Q

What is an amine hormone?

A

Modified amino acid

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5
Q

What is a peptide hormone?

A

Short chains of linked amino acids

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6
Q

What is a protein hormone?

A

Long chain of linked amino acids

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7
Q

What is a steroid hormone?

A

Derived from the lipid cholesterol

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8
Q

What is the largest endocrine gland?

A

Thyroid gland

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9
Q

What is the name for the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

A

Hypohpysis

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10
Q

What does hypophysis refer to?

A

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland

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11
Q

What is the name of the anterior pituitary gland? What kind of tissue is it?

A

Adenohypophysis

Glandular tissue

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12
Q

What is the name of the posterior pituitary gland? What kind of tissue is it?

A

Neurohypophysis

Nervous tissue

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13
Q

What is the name of the tract that the axon which end up in the neurohypophysis travel?

A

Hypothalamohypophyseal tract

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14
Q

The neurohypophysis does not produce hormones, what does it do?

A

stores and secretes hormones produced in the hypothalamus by neurosecretory cells of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. These hormones travel along the axons into storage sites in the axon terminals of the posterior pituitary. In response to electrical signals from the same hypothalamic neurons, the hormones are released from the axon terminals into the bloodstream.

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15
Q

What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)?

A

OT: Oxytocin

ADH: Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin)

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16
Q

What organs does oxytocin (OT) target? What does it do?

A

Uterus and mammary gland

Uterine contractions and milk ejection

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17
Q

What organ does vasopressin (ADH) target? What does it do?

A

Kidney

Initiates water retention in kidney during dehydration.
Increases blood pressure through vasoconstriction

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18
Q

The adenohypophysis does make hormones, but what regulates their secretion?

A

Hypothalamic hormones (releasing and inhibiting hormones)

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19
Q

How do the hypothalamic hormones reach the adenohypophysis for hormone regulation?

A

Through the hypothalamohypophyseal portal system

Hypothalamus makes hormones -> they secrete into primary capillary plexus around hypothalamus -> travel through portal veins -> hormones enter anterior pituitary -> hormones released by anterior pituitary enter secondary capillary plexus -> circulation

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20
Q

What are the 7 hormones produced by the adenohypophysis? Which four are tropic?

A

Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)(Tropic)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)(Tropic)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)(Tropic)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)(Tropic)
Prolactin
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

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21
Q

What does TSH do?

A

Triggers secretion of thyroid hormones by thyroid gland

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22
Q

What organ does FSH target? What does it do?

A

Gonads

Stimulates growth of ovarian follicle; sperm production

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23
Q

What organ does LH target? What does it do?

A

Gonads

Stimulates productions of hormones

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24
Q

What organ does ACTH target? What does it do?

A

Adrenal cortex

Stimulates production of corticosteroids

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25
What organ does prolactin target? What does it do?
Mammary glands Milk production
26
What organ does GH target? What does it do?
Skeletal muscle, bone, fat, etc. Stimulates growth and metabolism
27
What organ does MSH target? What does it do?
Melanocytes of epidermis Stimulates production of melanin
28
What organ does melatonin target? What does it do?
Brain Circadian rhythm
29
What organ do T3 and T4 target? What do they do?
Body cells Increase metabolism
30
What organ does calcitonin target? What does it do?
Bones Decrease blood calcium
31
What organ does the parathyroid hormone target? What does it do?
Bones Increase blood calcium
32
What organ do thymopoietin and thymosin target? What do they do?
Thymus Stimulates T-lymphocytes growth and maturation
33
What organ does aldosterone target? What does it do?
Kidney Water and salt retention
34
What organ does cortisol target? What does it do?
Liver Responds to stress
35
What organ do epinephrine and norepinephrine target? What do they do?
Body cells Enhance sympathetic response
36
What organ does glucagon target? What does it do?
Body cells, liver Increase blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver
37
What organ does insulin target? What does it do?
Body cells Decrease blood glucose by stimulating body cells to take up and use glucose
38
What organ does estrogen target? What does it do?
Ovary, uterus, mammary glands Maturation of follicles, develop female reproductive structures
39
What organ does progesterone target? What does it do?
Uterus Stimulate growth of uterine lining
40
What organ does testosterone target? What does it do?
Testis, prostate Produce sperm, develop male reproductive structures
41
What organ does renin target? What does it do?
Liver ( which forms angiotensinogen which forms aldosterone) Stimulates formation of angiotensin
42
What organ does ANP target? What does it do?
Kidney Increase in sodium and water loss
43
What hormone does the pineal gland produce?
Melatonin
44
What hormones the thyroid produce?
T3, T4, Calcitonin
45
What hormone does the parathyroid produce?
Parathyroid hormone
46
What hormones does the thymus produce?
Thymopoietin and thymosin
47
What hormones does the adrenal cortex produce?
Aldosterone and cortisol
48
What hormones does the adrenal medulla produce?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
49
What hormones does the pancreas produce?
Glucagon and insulin
50
What hormones do the ovaries produce?
Estrogen and progesterone
51
What hormone do the testis produce?
Testosterone
52
What hormone do the kidneys produce?
Renin
53
What hormone does the heart produce?
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
54
The pineal gland is part of what structure?
Epithalamus
55
What gland yellows and atrophies after puberty?
Thymus
56
Where is the pancreas located?
Posterior wall of abdominal cavity
57
What pancreatic structure contains alpha and beta cells?
Islets of Langerhans
58
What do pancreatic beta cells produce?
Insulin
59
What do pancreatic alpha cells produce?
Glucagon
60
Where are the adrenal glands?
On top of the kidneys

Anatomy (22 decks)

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