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Anatomy > 5: Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

5: Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

What kind of tissue is cartilage and bone?

A

Supporting connective tissue

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2
Q

What is a chondroblast?

A

Cell that produces cartilage matrix

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3
Q

What is a chondrocyte?

A

Mature cartilage cell that resides in lacunae

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4
Q

What is the cartilaginous extracellular matrix?

A

Protein fibers embedded in a gel-like ground substance

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5
Q

What is the perichondrium?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue that is a “glove” to cartilage

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6
Q

What kind of cartilage is the larynx?

A

Hyaline

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7
Q

What kind of cartilage is the trachea?

A

Hyaline

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8
Q

What kind of cartilage are bronchi?

A

Hyaline

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9
Q

What kind of cartilage is costal cartilage?

A

Hyaline

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10
Q

What kind of cartilage is the nose?

A

Hyaline

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11
Q

What kind of cartilage is articular cartilage?

A

Hyaline

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12
Q

What type of cartilage is the epiphyseal plate?

A

Hyaline

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13
Q

What type of cartilage is the fetal skeleton?

A

Hyaline

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14
Q

What kind of cartilage are the intervertebral discs?

A

Fibrocartilage

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15
Q

What kind of cartilage is the pubic symphysis?

A

Fibrocartilage

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16
Q

What kind of cartilage is the meniscus?

A

Fibrocartilage

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17
Q

What kind of cartilage is the articular disc of the jaw?

A

Fibrocartilage

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18
Q

What kind of cartilage is the epiglottis?

A

Elastic

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19
Q

What kind of cartilage is the external ear?

A

Elastic

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20
Q

What are the two components of bone matrix?

A

Organic component
Inorganic component

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21
Q

What part of the bone matrix is flexible/inflexible?

A

Organic=flexible
Inorganic=inflexible

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22
Q

What is the organic component of the bone matrix called and composed of?

A

It is called the osteoid and is composed of collagen and other proteins

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23
Q

What is the inorganic component of the bone matrix called and composed of?

A

It is called hydroxyapatite and is composed of calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide

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24
Q

What function does red bone marrow serve that yellow marrow does not?

A

Hematopoiesis

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25
What kind of tissue is yellow bone marrow?
Adipose
26
Why do adults have more yellow marrow than children?
Yellow marrow is long-term mineral and energy storage. Kids need red marrow to make more blood as they grow
27
What kind of bone is the humerus?
Long bone
28
What kind of bone is the radius?
Long bone
29
What kind of bone is the ulna?
Long bone
30
What kind of bone are the metacarpals?
Long bones
31
What kind of bone are the phalanges?
Long bone
32
What kind of bone is the femur?
Long bone
33
What kind of bone is the tibia?
Long bone
34
What kind of bone is the fibula?
Long bone
35
What kind of bone are the metatarsals?
Long bone
36
What kind of bone are the carpals?
Short bone
37
What kind of bone are the tarsals?
Short bone
38
What kind of bone is the skull?
Flat bone?
39
What kind of bone is the scapula?
Flat bone
40
What kind of bone is the sternum?
Flat bone
41
What kind of bone are the ribs?
Flat bones
42
What kind of bone are the vertebrae?
Irregular
43
What kind of bone is the sacrum?
Irregular
44
What kind of bone is the coccyx?
Irregular
45
What kind of bone is the os coxa?
Irregular
46
What kind of bone is the ethmoid bone?
Irregular
47
What kind of bone is the sphenoid bone?
Irregular
48
What kind of bone is the patella?
Sesamoid
49
What kind of bones are found in the tendons associated with feet and hands?
Sesamoid
50
What is the difference between the epiphyseal plate and the epiphyseal line?
Plate=still growing Line=mature
51
What is the diaphysis of a long bone?
The shaft
52
What is the metaphysis of a long bone?
The region between the shaft and the epiphysis
53
What is the epiphysis of a bone?
The end
54
What is the apophysis of a long bone?
Outgrowth that attaches ligaments/tendons. Ex. trochanter
55
What does the medullary cavity contain in adults and children?
Yellow marrow in adults, red marrow in children
56
What is the name for compact bone?
Cortical bone
57
What is the name of spongey bone?
Cancellous bone
58
Where is the endosteum?
Lining the spongey bone and medullary cavity
59
What kind of tissue is the periosteum?
Dense irregular connective tissue
60
What are the 3 stages of a bone cell growing?
1. Osteogenic cell 2. Osteoblast 3. Osteocyte
61
What cell creates osteoid?
Osteoblast
62
When does an osteoblast become and osteocyte?
When the bone is mineralized and the cell is stuck in place
63
What is the role of an osteocyte?
Maintain bone tissue and signal to other cells
64
What is an osteon?
The columnar building block of compact bone
65
What are the lamallae?
The rings that form an osteon
66
What is the difference between a central canal and a perforating canal?
Central canal runs through center of the osteon. Perforating canal runs run's perpendicular to osteon.
67
What is the "bed" of an osteocyte called?
Lacunae
68
What is the canal that connects lacunae called?
Canaliculi
69
What is the trabeculae?
The building block of spongey bone
70
Why doesn't a trabecula have central blood vessels like an osteon?
It is surrounded by blood vessels
71
What cells are responsible for trabecular remodeling?
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
72
Why do trabeculae undergo remodeling?
In response to lines of stress from movement
73
What part of the fetal skeleton develops in an intramembranous fashion?
Head & clavicle
74
What form the periosteum?
Messenchyme
75
What process turns fetal framework of hyaline cartilage into bone?
Endochondral ossification
76
What does bone replace and not replace in endochondral ossification?
Bone replaces cartilage, except the articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates
77
What is the name for bone growth the loooooong way? Where does it happen?
Interstitial growth Occurs at epiphyseal plates
78
What is the name for bone growth the wiiiiiide way? Where does it occur?
Appositional growth Occurs at the periosteum and endosteum
79
What is the mechanism and cause of osteomalacia? What is it called in children?
Lack of mineralization of bone results in low bone density Caused by vitamin D or calcium deficiency Called rickets in children. Presents soft and weak bones & bowed legs
80
What is osteoporosis? Who does it usually occur to?
Excessive bone resorption Aged/post-menopausal are most subject to this

Anatomy (22 decks)

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