11 Ear

Question 1

What are the 3 main parts to the ear

Answer 1

• external ear
• middle ear
• internal ear

Question 2

what is the auricle also called

Answer 2

pinna

Question 3

what is the function of the external ear

Answer 3

to gather sound

Question 4

where does the auricle/pinna channel sound into

Answer 4

external auditory meatus

Question 5

what is the external auditory meatus made of

Answer 5

• part is made of elastic cartilage

- part is made of bone

Question 6

what are the only 2 places in the body you’ll find elastic cartilage

Answer 6

• external auditory meatus

- epiglottis

Question 7

what lines the external auditory meatus

Answer 7

• skin
• little hairs
• ceruminous glands

Question 8

what is the function of the little hairs in the external auditory meatus

Answer 8

protection

Question 9

what is the function of the ceruminous glands

Answer 9

produce wax (sticky = protective)

Question 10

what is inflammation of the skin lining of the external ear called

Answer 10

otitis externa

Question 11

what is the function of the middle ear

Answer 11

lever system to make bigger vibrations

Question 12

what is the ear drum known as

Answer 12

tympanic membrane

Question 13

what covers the tympanic membrane

Answer 13

very thin skin

Question 14

what instrument do you use to look into an ear with

Answer 14

auriscope

Question 15

what epithelium lines the middle ear

Answer 15

respiratory

Question 16

what are the ossicles of the middle ear

Answer 16

• malleus
• incus
• stapes

Question 17

what does the malleus attach to

Answer 17

• handle attaches to the central part of the tympanic membrane (umbo)

Question 18

what feature does the auriscope reflectioncreate on the tympanic membrane

Answer 18

cone of light

Question 19

do middle ear infections tend to be acute or chronic

Answer 19

chronic

Question 20

why do they tend to be chronic

Answer 20

difficult to clear, tympanic membrane breaks down and pus leaks into auricle.

Question 21

where does the stapes sit

Answer 21

fenestra vestibuli

Question 22

what holds the stapes in the fenestra vestibuli

Answer 22

the angular ligament of the stapes

Question 23

what can be a cause of deafness in the elderly to do with the stapes

Answer 23

calcification of the ligament which stops the ligament from moving

Question 24

what happens to the sound which is gathered at the external ear

Answer 24

• goes through lever system which amplifies the sound
• tympanic membrane is around 20x the size of the stapes so small vibrations create a lot of movement in the stapes
• this movement presses on the fluid in the internal ear
• fenestra cochliae bulges towards the middle ear to compensate for the movement of fluid (you can’t compress a fluid)
• special receptor cells in the internal ear then move and that turns into electrical signals to the brain

Question 25

how does new air get into the middle ear

Answer 25

through the auditory tube in the nasopharynx

Question 26

why does new air need to get into the middle ear

Answer 26

because the lining of the middle ear absorbs the air

Question 27

what holds the ossicles together and allows them to move

Answer 27

- ligaments hold the ossicles together | - synovial joints allow them to move

Question 28

what is glue ear also known as

Answer 28

chronic otitis media with effusion

Question 29

what causes chronic otitis media with effusion

Answer 29

- tends to be young children - often have had sore throats - overgrowth of tubal tonsils which blocks auditory tube - goblet cells become more active and mucous builds up

Question 30

what is a sign of chronic otitis media with effusion

Answer 30

- air bubble at the typmanic membrane

Question 31

how does a child with chronic otitis media usually present

Answer 31

deaf in that ear

Question 32

why does the mucous cause a child with chronic otits media with effusion to be deaf

Answer 32

the mucus stops the ossicles from being able to move

Question 33

how does chronic otitis media with effusion usually resolve

Answer 33

- grow out of it as tissues get bigger - tubal tonsil returns to normal size - mucous gets absorbed by lining nb a ventilation tube can be used if it doesn't

Question 34

what is the area that the ossicles are in called

Answer 34

tympanic cavity

Question 35

what is next to the tympanic cavity

Answer 35

mastoid antrum

Question 36

how would you treat infection if it spread to the mastoid antrum

Answer 36

probably surgery

Question 37

what nerve runs close to the middle ear

Answer 37

facial nerve

Question 38

what muscle reduces the effects of a very loud sound by securing the handle of the malleus

Answer 38

tensor tympani muscle

Question 39

what muscle reduces the effects of a very loud sound by securing the upper part of the arch of the stapes

Answer 39

stapedius muscle

Question 40

what supplies the tensor tympani muscle

Answer 40

CNV

Question 41

what supplies the stapedius muscle

Answer 41

CNVII

Question 42

why might sound be louder with facial palsy

Answer 42

because stapedius muscle wouldn't be working so stapes wouldn't be held down if a loud sound happened

Question 43

what are the two parts of the internal ear called

Answer 43

- cochlear | - semicurcular canals

Question 44

what happens in the cochlear

Answer 44

sound is transmitted into electrical impluses to brain which then interprets the sound

Question 45

what is the function of the semicircular canals

Answer 45

balance