Week 7 (osteology of the mandible)

Question 1

what are the two main parts of the mandible

Answer 1

body and ramus

Question 2

what is the fibrous joint called in the foetus which joins the body of the mandible

Answer 2

mental symphysis

Question 3

when does the mental symphysis join

Answer 3

by time of birth (not a true symphysis)

Question 4

what is the frontal projection on the chin called

Answer 4

mental protuberance

Question 5

what is the raised part in the middle of the mental protuberance called

Answer 5

mental tubercle

Question 6

what is the hole around the level of the premolars

Answer 6

mental foramen

Question 7

what goes through the mental foramen

Answer 7

mental nerve and mental blood vessels

Question 8

where does the buccinator attach to the mandible

Answer 8

around the oblique line

Question 9

what is the underside of the mandible called

Answer 9

the base of the mandible

Question 10

where does the anterior belly of the digastric muscle attach to

Answer 10

digastric fossa

Question 11

where do you find the digastric fossa

Answer 11

one on each side of the base of the mandible

Question 12

what attaches to the alveolar part of the mandible

Answer 12

the teeth

Question 13

what happens to the alveolar part of the mandible when the teether come out

Answer 13

disappears (resorbs)

Question 14

what implication does loosing your teeth have regarding the mandible after a long period of time

Answer 14

• alveolar part resorbs
• mental foramen can be far up on the body of the mandible
• dentures can press on it and this is painful

Question 15

what attaches to the mylohyoid line

Answer 15

mylohyoid muscle

Question 16

what does the mylohyoid muscle act as

Answer 16

a hammock supporting the oral structures, separates tissues in the floor of the mouth from the submandibular region

Question 17

why is the mylohyoid line of clinical importance regarding a root abscess

Answer 17

if it bursts below the mylohyoid line, the infection goes into the submandibular space

if it bursts above the mylohyoid line, the infection goes into the floor of the mouth

Question 18

what is the infection called if an abscess gets into the thorax

Answer 18

ludwig’s angina

Question 19

why is the mylohyoid line of clniical importance for denture making

Answer 19

dentures must stop short of the mylohyoid muscle otherwise speaking and eating will contract it and the denture will lift

Question 20

why is the oblique line of clinical importance for denture making

Answer 20

dentures must stop short of the oblique line or the buccinator will interfere with the denture

Question 21

where is the submandibular fossa

Answer 21

just under and towards the back of the mylohyoid line

Question 22

what sits in the submandibular fossa

Answer 22

the submandibular salivary gland

Question 23

where is the sublingual fossa

Answer 23

just above and towards the front of the mylohyoid line

Question 24

what sits in the sublingual fossa

Answer 24

sublingual salivary gland

Question 25

what is the rough area on the lingual side of the midline called

Answer 25

mental spines/genial tubercles

Question 26

what attaches to the upper mental spine

Answer 26

genioglossus muscle

Question 27

what attaches to the lower mental spine

Answer 27

geniohyoid muscle

Question 28

what does the geniohyoid muscle do

Answer 28

pulls hyoid bone forward when swallowing

Question 29

where is the mylohyoid groove

Answer 29

just under where the inferior alveolar nerve goes in

Question 30

what are the surfaces of the ramus called

Answer 30

lateral and medial surfaces

Question 31

how many borders of the ramus are there

Answer 31

4

Question 32

what attaches to the coronoid process

Answer 32

temporalis muscle

Question 33

what goes through the mandibular foramen

Answer 33

inferior alveolar nerve

Question 34

what is the little tongue of bone called on the ramus

Answer 34

lingula

Question 35

why is the lingula important clinically

Answer 35

varies in shape and can cause issues when giving IDB if someone has a big lingula as can make you think you've hit the correct bit of bone but actually you've hit the lingula and IDB doesn't work as well

Question 36

what attaches to the inner aspect of the angle of the mandible

Answer 36

medial pterygoid

Question 37

what is the notch called between the condylar and coronoid process

Answer 37

mandibular notch

Question 38

what is the little depression in the front of the neck of the mandible/condyle called

Answer 38

pterygoid fovea

Question 39

what attaches to the pterygoid fovea

Answer 39

inferior head of the lateral pterygoid

Question 40

what bones can we see from the norma basecellis

Answer 40

- sphenoid bone (lateral and medial pterygoid plates - nasal septum - maxillas - palatine bones - zygomatic - occipital - temporal

Question 41

what bones make up the bony palate

Answer 41

4 in total: - right and left palatine processes of the maxilla (2) - right and left horizontal plates of the palatine bone (2)

Question 42

what connects the bones of the bony palate

Answer 42

narrow sutures

Question 43

what goes through the incisive fossa

Answer 43

- nasopalatine nerves | - sphenopalatine artery

Question 44

what do the nasopalatine nerves supply

Answer 44

- sensation to anterior quarter of hard palate

Question 45

what goes through the greater palatine foramen

Answer 45

- greater palatine nerve

Question 46

what does the greater palatine nerve supply

Answer 46

posterior 2/3 of hard palate

Question 47

why do dentists tend to try and avoid giving anaesthetics here (ie a greater palatine nerve block)

Answer 47

periosteum is very tightly bound to bone here, very uncomfortable for patient

Question 48

what does the greater palatine artery supply

Answer 48

blood to anterior part of nasal cavity and nasaal septum

Question 49

what is the curved edge of the palatine bone called

Answer 49

posterior nasal spine

Question 50

what is the little crest along the posterior nasal spine called

Answer 50

palatine crest

Question 51

what attaches to the palatine crest/posterior nasal spine

Answer 51

palatal aponeurosis

Question 52

where are the lesser palatine formamena

Answer 52

on the aramadal process (just behind the greater palatine foramen)

Question 53

where do the lesser palatine nerves branch from

Answer 53

the greater palatine nerve

Question 54

what do the lesser palatine nerves supply

Answer 54

sensation to the soft palate

Question 55

why would a dentist want to avoid anaestisising the lesser palatine nerves

Answer 55

sensation to the soft palate is important for swallowing

Question 56

what sits in the groove that runs forward from the aramadal process

Answer 56

greater palatine artery

Question 57

what is the rounded projection of the most posterior part of the dental arch on the maxilla called

Answer 57

maxillary tuberosity

Question 58

if the maxillary tuberosity is pulled off during a 3rd molar extraction what would it expose

Answer 58

maxillary sinus

Question 59

apart from 3rd molar extractions why else is the maxillary tuberosity important

Answer 59

for denture making

Question 60

what bone is the pterygoid hamulus attached to

Answer 60

lower end of the medial pterygoid

Question 61

where is the hamular notch and why is it imoportant

Answer 61

low lying area between tuberosity and hamulus for making dentures