CAD/Angina

Question 1

the build up of atherosclerosis in the arteries that are feeding blood and oxygen to the heart =

Answer 1

CAD

Question 2

3 acute coronary syndromes

Answer 2

Unstable Angina
Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Non-STEMI)
ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)

Question 3

CAD divided into 2 main categories

Answer 3

• stable angina

- acute coronary syndrome

Question 4

ischemia vs infarction

Answer 4

ISCHEMIA=If oxygen supply does not meet the demands of heart
—>prolonged ischemia leads to cell/tissue death no matter what kind of cell it is

INFARCTION = Obstruction of the blood supply to an organ or region of tissue, typically by a thrombus or embolus, causing local DEATH of the tissue

Question 5

Chest PAIN that occurs when the heart’s demand for O2 exceeds the coronary arteries’ ability to supply O2

Answer 5

Angina

Question 6

why does angina hurt?

Answer 6

build up of lactic acid due to anaerobic metabolism

Question 7

who has atypical chest pain

Answer 7

women

Question 8

what causes chronic stable angina

Answer 8

build up of stable plaque narrowing vessel and is medically managed

Question 9

When does chronic stable angina occur?

Answer 9

• Occurs with activity –>increase demand for O2 but can’t meet the demand
• Pattern of occurrence

Question 10

this type of angina is associated with stable plaque

Answer 10

chronic stable angina

Question 11

stable angina is usually relieved by….

Answer 11

nitroglycerin and rest (within 15 minutes)

Question 12

During stable angina do we have ischemia or infarction? perm damage?

Answer 12

ischemia = lack of O2

Does not cause permanent damage to heart tissue: only ischemia not infarction

Question 13

if someone is having chest pain for the first time is it stable or unstable?

Answer 13

consider it unstable until they have a diagnosis of stable

Question 14

stable angina + illness/sepsis =

Answer 14

unstable angina!

turns your stable until unstable angina

Question 15

when do we call for help with stable angina?

Answer 15

-doesn’t follow normal pattern, nitro isn’t helping, resting isn’t helping

Question 16

angina that Occurs at rest or with exertion

Answer 16

unstable angina

Question 17

characteristics of unstable angina (4)*

Answer 17

• Occurs at rest or with exertion
• Unpredictable
• Not relieved by nitroglycerin or rest
• Lasts longer than 15 minutes

Question 18

angina driven by unstable plaque

Answer 18

unstable angina

Question 19

MONA for acute chest pain

Answer 19

-MONA- morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin

Question 20

Assessment and interventions for chest pain

Answer 20

• ECG and Vital Signs
• Telemetry
• Pain assessment
• OLDCART
• Oxygen therapy if needed
• IV Access
• Nitroglycerin
• MONA- morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin

Question 21

what test will distinguish b/w acute coronary syndrome and stable angina

Answer 21

12 lead ecg

Question 22

if someone ECG is normal now, then you are done.

True or false

Answer 22

FALSE.

• repeat frequently - if tissue not dead now, could be dead soon
• –>changes in conduction due to cell death are what we are checking for

Question 23

BP with chronic or unstable angina

Answer 23

can be anything!

• high = contributing or trying to get output
• low = can’t give morphine/nitro b/c they reduce afterload