Osteoporosis

Question 1

biggest risk with osteoporosis

Answer 1

= risk for fractures

Question 2

what is osteoporosis?

Answer 2

Chronic, metabolic bone loss resulting in decreased density and fracture (Decreased Bone Mineral Density = decreased bone strength)
–> thin, fragile bones

Question 3

body parts w/ highest risk of fracture w/ OP

Answer 3

Spine, Hip and Wrist

Question 4

Osteoporosis versus Osteopenia

Answer 4

Osteopenia = low bone density that leads to osteoporosis

Question 5

osteoporosis osteoblast/clast activity?

Answer 5

=Osteoclastic > Osteoblastic

Question 6

which hormone plays major role in OP?

Answer 6

estrogen!

Bone Mineral Density is greatly affected by hormone levels! *estrogen drops = increase risk OP

Question 7

OP types

Answer 7

generalized = all over
–primary or secondary

regional = loss in one area

• Immobilized limb (>8-12 weeks)
• Gravity-free environment

Question 8

primary vs secondary OP

Answer 8

Primary

• Most common
• Female post-menopause (hystorectomy w/o estrogen replacement)
• Males in 70’s and 80’s

Secondary

• Results from other conditions
  
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Steroids

Question 9

risk factors for OP

Answer 9

• Genetics
• Gender- females > males
• Body weight thin women > big women
• Low Calcium/ Vitamin D in diet
• Estrogen or androgen deficiency
• Smoking
• Excessive Alcohol
• Immobility and lack of exercise
• Certain conditions and medications –> steroids!

Question 10

education for OP prevention + who is the target group?

Answer 10

Build it while you can! ~~~Educating target groups (young females = target group)

• Diet
• Sun Exposure
• Vitamin D supplement
• Limit carbonation
• Weight bearing exercise
• Avoid excessive alcohol intake
• Avoid smoking

Question 11

OP assesment

Answer 11

• History
• Kyphosis
• Shrinking Stature
• Back pain
• Presence of compression vertebral fractures

Question 12

OP diagnostics

Answer 12

Biochemical markers
Serum Calcium and Vitamin D
X-ray (after 25% - 40% of bone loss occurs can see on xray)
MRI/ MRS - tell us a lot about bone density loss
pQUS = used in community
DXA ***
Central (cDXA) = most used! screen over 65
Peripheral (pDXA) = used in community

Question 13

central vs peripheral DXA

Answer 13

Central (cDXA) = most used! screen over 65

Peripheral (pDXA) = used in community

Question 14

BMD T-score- osteopenia vs osteoporosis

Answer 14

=Represents the number of standard deviations from average BMD of a young healthy person
**Osteopenia = T-score at -1 and above -2.5
**Osteoporosis = T-score at or lower than -2.5
< 0 = loss of bone density

Question 15

who is getting BMD testing?

Answer 15

-BMD testing recommended every 2 years for people >/= 65 w/
	Low estrogen
	Vertebral abnormalities
	Long term steroid treatment
	Hyperparathyroidism
	On a medication for OP

Question 16

interventions for OP

Answer 16

• Nutrition CA, Vit D
• Weight bearing exercise - walking not running
• Strengthening exercise
• Avoid smoking
• Reduce alcohol intake
• Fall Precautions
• Drug therapy ( if T-score < -2/ no risk factors,

Question 17

when do we do drug therapy for OP?

Answer 17

if T-score < -2/ no risk factors,