Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mucosal Surfaces > L9- Microbial Eukaryotes > Flashcards

L9- Microbial Eukaryotes Flashcards

1
Q

What are protists

A

ME which arent fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are protozoans

A

ME which arent fungi and have no chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do heterotroph fungi have in their cell wall

A

Chitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are symbionts

A

Association of organisms of diff species eg parasitic symbionts in humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 3 associations are rhere in stmbiiosis applying to ME

A

Mutualists

Commensals

Parasitism (pathogenic potential)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are obligtr symbionts

A

Where me need host for their life cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are facultative psthogens

A

Dont always cquse fisease, sometimes wre commensals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Whqt does outcome for hostndpeend on

A

Own fsctors and envrionemnrg eg in terms of immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 5 eukaryotic supergroups

A 
Opisthokonta 
Excavata
Sar
Amoebozoa
Archaeplastida
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What aupergroup do fungi, animals/metazoa belong to

A

Opisthokonga

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why do we need ti study microbial euk genomes

A

To study their pathogenic traits, how they communicate wirh host eg secreted molecules, develop caccines eg for malaria and diagnostics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Whoch types of euk have lower codinf capacity of arounr 2000 orf

A

Intraceullar like e intestinalisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which thpe of eyk have lsrge coding capscity eg 60 k genes more than humans

A

T vaginalisis which is extraceullary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are rhe 2 major ic euk

A

Cryptosporidium and microsporidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which 2 major ec euk trhive on tissues like mucosal surfsces

A

Entamoeba, giardia ,and trichomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give 3 examples of how ic pathogens have different entry mechanisms

A

Apicomplexa- have an apical orfan
mediated entry
Kinetoplastids- lysosome mediated entry

Microsporidia - polar tube mediated entry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are dungi paradutic

A

Yes, can be mutualist and commensal too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does it mean when fungi called not stable pathogens

A

They are opportunistic eg in immunosuppression candida grows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give 2 examples of fungi from environment which can cause disease and what disease

A

Aspergillus - aspergillosis , pneumonia

Cryptococcus- pneumonia, meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Give some host adaptic microbiota that are euk fungi

A

Candida spp (gi trsct and vagina)

Pneumocystis spp (in lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can candida cause

A

Vaginitis, mucocutaneous infections eg of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can pneumocystis cause

A

Pneumonia and copd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which article discusses candida -microbiota interactions

A

Rowan- nash et al 2019

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do candida and microbiota intersct

A

Wuorum sensing molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does candida yeast transform into for invasion/pathogenicity

A

Hyphal growth occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which microbiota eg in cagina can displace candida from vagina and stomach

A

Lactobacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What other effects does lactobacillus have as an antagonist

A

Inhibit biofilm development and hyphal morphogenssis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which microbiota have synergistic virulence with candida spp

A

Staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does staph aureus allow

A

Hyphal growth and biofilm formatjon to increase antibiotic resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What do staph and xandida cause togeher

A

Peritonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What type of pathogens are MICROSPORIDIA

A

Opportunistic, obligate ic fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which types of animals can be infected with microsprodia

A

Bees, insects, humans, fish, farm animals, silk worm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the 2 most common microsporidia

A

Enterocytozoon bieneuri

Encephalitozoon intestinalisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How di they jnfect and transmiss

A

Oral faecal route, via zoonotic origin or contaminated food/water, insect bites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What do they xause

A

Chronic diarrhoea if someoen is immunoincompetent

36
Q

Where di they lay

A

In gut but can become systemic

37
Q

How many hosts needed

A

1 or more

38
Q

What is their toute of entry

A

Polar tube extrusion from spores when the spores germinate close to the host cell.

39
Q

What is injected after PT extrusion

A

Sporoplasm

40
Q

Where do they end up and what haplens

A

Cacuoles or cytosol of crll where they proliferate and then rleease new spores in host cell exhaustion

41
Q

Which article discusses how they atay close to host cell

A

Han et al 2020

42
Q

What did han et al 2020 find

A

Spore wall proteins are able to interact with gags on host cell so they stay in proximity

43
Q

Which types of IET needed for microsporidia if someone develops diarrhoea

A

Both cd4 and cd8 crucial

44
Q

Why are cd4 important

A

Can activate and allow cd8 prolif via il 21

45
Q

Which type of cd8 allow killing of ic psrhogen infected cells

A

Type a: ab

46
Q

What are cd8 killing microspirisa xalled

A

Infuced IECs due to reaponse to microsporidia ag

47
Q

Give some examples of stramenopiles

A

Diatoms (free living algae)
Oomycetes (plant parasitic)
Blastocystis (animal gut parasite)

48
Q

Gice some alveolates examples

A

Dinoflagellates (free)
Ciliates (free or parasitic)!

Apicomplexa - major parasites

49
Q

Which apicomplexa is responsible for malaria

A

Plasmodium falciparum (mosquito- host life cycle)

50
Q

Which apicomplexa infects cats and prey

A

Toxoplasma gondii

51
Q

What sre the 2 speicies of cryptospordium (apicomplexa)

A

Parvis and hominis

52
Q

How mant hosts does cryptosporidium need

A

1 jost - usuallt human or animal

53
Q

Rxplain some cryptosporidium features

A

Obligate IC, ysuallt in gut, zoonotic transmission, opportjnistic

54
Q

Whats the difference in infection between immuno competent and decifuencient with crypto p or h

A

Competnet get self limiting diarrhoea vs suppressed get chronic diarrhoea which causes death in many children

55
Q

Is it asrxual or sexual

A

Both at siff stagea od life cycle

56
Q

What forms by crypto which cuases the transmission

A

Cysts

57
Q

What innate responses are important for crypto

A

Amp, dc, neutrophils, mscrophages, chemokines, apoptosis

58
Q

Are cd8 crucial for crypto

A

No but are involved. Cd4 crucial

59
Q

Which cytokines important to stop invasion of crypto

A

Ifn y from th1 fells , nk and cd8 cells all release it

60
Q

Which antibodies are also improtnsnt in crypto killing

A

Iga, m, g

61
Q

What recruits phagocytic killing crlls and apc

A

Chemokines released from infected cells

Also the th1 reaponse via ifn y activates phagocytosis

62
Q

Why are nk important

A

Kill via granzymes and perforin

63
Q

How is blastocystis a good example of euk as mutualistic and parasitic

A

Can induce release of il 12 and il 23 which alloes th1 and th17 differentistion

However causes reduced iga and amps like ll37 is degraded

64
Q

What are the 2 examples of amoebozoa

A

Slime moulds whoch feed on bscteria

Entamoeba which is hodt drrived eg e histolytica

65
Q

Where does histolyirica originste

A

Colon causes colitis

66
Q

If histolyticia migrated ti submucosal tissue what happens

A

Abscesses eg in liver

67
Q

How does mifrobiota impact hidtlytica

A

Affects its virulence and together cause increased inflammation eg seen in ibd

68
Q

Which excavata group host dependant have either hydrogenosomes or mitosomes

A

Diplomonads

69
Q

Which excavata are parasitic in many animals and ate anaerobic (have hydrogenosomes)

A

Parabasilia

70
Q

Give examples of parasitic euglenozoa

A

Kinetoplastids like trypanosoma or leishmania

71
Q

What are rhe complex mt genomes called in some euglenozoa

A

Kinetoplasts

72
Q

What is the most common protozoan excavata in stopl

A

Giardia lamblia

73
Q

How does giardia lambli infect

A

Ofal farcal route via cysts. They are ec and in lumen of gut

74
Q

What is the immune system reliant on in giardia infection at mucosa

A

B crlls and iga . If low levels of iga trophozoites seen to porlifefste much quicker

75
Q

What supergroup is trichomonas vaginalis in

A

Excavata

76
Q

What oyher parhogens is t vaginalis associated with

A

Hiv and mycoplasma

77
Q

Where is vsginlais found

A

Urethra of blth msle and female and also the vagina

78
Q

How do trophozoites of vaginalis multiply

A

Bf

79
Q

Do they jull epi cells

A

Yes. They spread over them to kill which can induce inflammation

80
Q

How was 16s rrna used for vaginalis

A

Can screen patients and see which are present. Found low lactobacillus protecting vagina and high mycoplasma

81
Q

Which new species via genomics was identified

A

Mycoplasma giredii

82
Q

How many patients with high giredii were vaginalis positive

A

96%

83
Q

What did metagenomics allow

A

Reconstruct genomes of all 4 straisn of giredii

84
Q

What is the relationship between vaginalis and giredii

A

Co evolve together and both impactnon inflammation in those sites

85
Q

Are mycoplasma obligate or ec

A

Obligate

Mucosal Surfaces (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions