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Mucosal Surfaces > L10- Parasitic Protozoa > Flashcards

L10- Parasitic Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

How mant deaths in 2010

A

30,000 from protozoans

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2
Q

How donyou work out taxa from 16s rrna

A

Compare otu with reference databases

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3
Q

How is functional analysis done

A

Reference genome databases, comparing sequences on bladt for predictivr genes

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4
Q

Which machine is used for proteomics

A

Mass spec to detect proteins

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5
Q

What does entamoeba cause

A

Amoebiasis

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6
Q

What apecitrum of ill ness from histolytica

A

From mild diarrhoea to ameobic dysentry

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7
Q

Where does it colonise

A

Ec of colon lumen

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8
Q

Which life form is aboe to protect eh from dessication from environment

A

Cysts. These are what infect eg cia oral route

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9
Q

Where do trophozoites excyst in the Body

A

Stomach when they recirve signals to excyst

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10
Q

How do some survivr

A

Get signals to transform back into cysts for protectiom eg passing stool

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11
Q

What are the 3 clinical outcomes

A

Small ulcers, mild diarrhoea

Asymptomatic

Large deep ulcers, amoebic dysentry

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12
Q

What does amoebic dystentry cause

A

Mcuus , blood jn stool

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13
Q

Which protozoan causes submucosal abscesses eg in liver

A

E histolytica

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14
Q

What would usually prevent breaking and dmaaging of colonic cells in e histytica if it was present

A

Mucosal layer. Eh neede contsct to cells

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15
Q

How does breaking of cells allow growth of eh

A

They feed on the content, multiply as trophoizojtes and then do the same to adjacent cells

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16
Q

What forms the flask shaled ulcers

A

Breaking open of more adjacent crlls

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17
Q

What does damaging of mucosal linjng cause

A

More infection, systemic infection via bloodstream, inflammation, colitis

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18
Q

When they get to bloodstrema what happens

A

Extra intestinal amoebiasis , abscesses, (only trophozoites)

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19
Q

What effect does eh have on pahgocytic cells

A

Kill neutrophils and engulf and macrophages too

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20
Q

Which microbiota from eg vaginal delivery was proinflamm with e histolytica

A

Prevotella copri. Was present only in diarrhoegenic patients not asymptomatic

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21
Q

Which article doscusses prevotella copri and EH

A

Ghosh 2019

22
Q

What did ghosh 2019 find

A

Prevotella copri insucwa inflammation cia il 6 and il8. Il 6 allowa th17 responses which recruits cells to tissue causinr samage. Il 8 is alao chemotaxtic. This inflammation allows much easier infection

23
Q

What was prevotella xopri and eh associated with

A

Colitis

24
Q

Which ecoli serotype first augmented virulence of eh. Then attenuated agter 1 minth

A

Exoli 055

25
Q

How did ecoli 055 trigger activation of cirulence genes of eh and what genes

A

Galactose on surfsfe bpund the lectin on EH. This allowed eg pahgocytic genes, adhesive genes and cytotoxicity to epi cells.

26
Q

Which microbiota showed to increase iga and th17 lecels cia il23 from bone marrow dcs

A

Sfb

27
Q

Which damp did sfb increase to stimulate granunopoeisis

A

Serum amyloid A

28
Q

What did SAA cause upregulation in in bmdc

A

H3k7 demethlyase

Csf 2 receptor alpha subunit

Granulocyte monocyte precursors GMP (make granulocytes and monocytes/mac)

29
Q

Which 2 factors are importsnt in inducing gmp expression

A

H3k7 demethylase (makes genes more abaiavle) and also gm csf signalling via receptor.

30
Q

What does lower gmp cause

A

Lower protection from amoebiasis , less neutrophils

31
Q

Which disease does giardia lamblia cause (excavata)

A

Giardiasis

32
Q

Explain the life chcle of GL

A

Enters as cyst, excysts due to stomach acid and stays in the small intestine. 2 trophozoites per cyst. It either stays free or attaches to epithelial cells. If transitioning to colon then ecystation occurs again to prevent dessucation in stool

33
Q

Whats the mechanism of binding yo epi cells by GL

A

Ventral sucking disc

34
Q

How many people woth giardiasis are symptomstic and whay symypoms

A

50%. From mild darrhoea all the way to malabsorption syndrome

35
Q

Is GL invasivr

A

No. Only localised damage

36
Q

What causes villi blunting

A

Ventral sucking disc

37
Q

Why is there some inflammation with giardiasis

A

Due to entercoute damage releasing damps

38
Q

Which microbiota was crucial to stop trophozute prolif of giardia

A

Lactobacillus johnsonii

39
Q

Which lactobacillus species increase IG production for giardia protection

A

Lacto casei

40
Q

What evidence is there some microbiota from intestine increwses giarsia cirulence

A

When co inoculated together caused death of c elegans which didnt happen before

41
Q

What festure do crypto have for entry on apical surface of epi cells

A

Apicoplast / apical organ

42
Q

Other than epi,where are crypto

A

Resp tract, conjunctiva

43
Q

Explain the asexual and sexual stages of crypto cycle

A

Excyst from thick walled oocytes. Sporozoites then decelop into trophozoites when penetrated xells. Then into merozoites which sit in vacuoles on apical side. Merozoites released fromt he type 1 meronts on apical side can then infect adjwcent cells and form type 2 meronts. (Asexual phase)

Type 2 meronts differentiate forming microgamonts + macrogamonts.
Microgametes undergo fertilisation ane form zygote. Some zygotes develop into thick walled oocytes, some thin walled

44
Q

What do sporulated thick walled oocytes then allow

A

Exit from the body jnto environment

45
Q

What do thin ealled oocytes allow

A

Autoinfection again in the same host. Allows parasite to stay in host

46
Q

Why does crypto cause dehydrstion

A

Damage to villi

47
Q

What is v important in protection frim crypto as well as the cd4 responses

A

Indole releasing Microbiota eg bacillus spp, clostridium spp

48
Q

Which type of microbiota increased in crypto

A

Bacteroidetes like prevotella

49
Q

Whats the article which explains indole role

A

Shimada 2013

50
Q

What did shimada 2013 find

A

Indole induces expression of genes for adherens, tight junctions, mucins and also wctin. All importwnt for a physical barrier to crypto entry

Mucosal Surfaces (33 decks)

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