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Mucosal Surfaces > L12- Fungal Immune Responses > Flashcards

L12- Fungal Immune Responses Flashcards

1
Q

Where does candida grow in dysbiosis

A

Gut, vagina, lung excessively

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2
Q

What are some causes of dysbiosis

A

Antibiotics, genrtic defects eg th17 pid, inflammation, diet change,

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3
Q

How can pregancy also cause a fysbiosis in vagina

A

Oestrogen and glycogen increase candida

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4
Q

What is usually on the outer layer or fungi cell walm

A

Mannan

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5
Q

What is below mannan

A

Glucans (b1,3 and b1,6)

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6
Q

What is below glucans

A

Chitin (hard sugar)

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7
Q

What proteins are within cell eall

A

Things like enzymes, transporters egc which are heavily glycosylated eith mannan

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8
Q

Is candida localnor systemic issues

A

Both. Local like oral or vaginal thrush vs systemic due to immunodeficiencies

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9
Q

What sort of candida can penetraye cells into blood stream causing issues

A

Hyphae

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10
Q

Can hyphae form within phagosomes

A

Yes

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11
Q

Which c type lectin prr (cell surfsce) can recognise glucan b 1,3

A

Dectin 1

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12
Q

Which sdsptor protein is associated with dectin 1 response causing inflamm cytokine release

A

Card9

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13
Q

Which prr can detect hyphae and cause inflammation a d how

A

Nlrp3- induces inflammasome secreting il-1b which stimulates th17 response

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14
Q

What expresses dectin1

A

Monocytes and macrophages- for internalisation of fungi and anti fungi responses

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15
Q

What is styk induced by dectin1

A

Spleen tk

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16
Q

What other components are important via drctin1

A

Caspases1, card9, pk cdelta

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17
Q

What shields c albucans glucans in the non invadive form allowing homeostasis

A

Mannoproteins

18
Q

How are phagocytes tecruited in first place

A

Either penetration into epi cells causing cytokine telease. Or already present under epi layer detection of hyphae penetration

19
Q

Which antifungal defensisn are secreted by epi cells

A

B defensins

20
Q

After phagocytosis attrscting neutrophils whay do neurrophils release ehich kill fungi/block

A

Ros and neutrophil ec traps (NETs)

21
Q

What sort of cytokines allow the th17 antigungal response

A

Il1 b from inflammadome, il 23 and 6 from phagocytes.

22
Q

Which apc are present for the th17 and th1 reslonse

A

Dc

23
Q

What does th17 secrete which causes b defensin release

A

Il 22

24
Q

Why are th1 important

A

Ifny actication of more phagocytes

25
Q

What disease is correlated to deficiency in card9 or dectin 1 responses

A

Ibd like crohns and uc

26
Q

Why

A

Can penetrate through yo blood stream, become systemic wnd not removed eg by phagocytes

27
Q

Which commensal is reduced vs uncreased pathogenic candida in drctin1 seficiency

A

Sacchormyces cerevisiae

28
Q

Whoch antibody telated to fungi and present in ibd

A

Anti s.cerevisae (ASPA)

29
Q

What sort of pathognesiss does drctin1 deficiency cause eg in colitis

A

Erosion of mucosa, crypt disruption, infiltrstion uncontrolled inflammatory cells and tnfa in colon causes colitis??

30
Q

What t crlls were reduced in colitis

A

Th17, th1 - showing importance of drctin1

31
Q

What does card9 mutation cause

A

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis due ti low th17

32
Q

Which invasive opportunist increased also in dectin1 mutation

A

Aspergillusbcausing aspergillosis

33
Q

What is an example of a probiotic fungi type

A

Sach boulardii

34
Q

Which bacteria does sach boulardii protect us from

A

C difficile

35
Q

What does s boulardii secrete which blocks tcdA and B which cause things like colitis

A

Proteases and phosphatases

36
Q

What ab was stimulsted in profuctuon by sach boulardii which bunds and neutralises tcdA

A

IgA

37
Q

Which article for extra reading

A

Erwig and gow 2016

38
Q

What did erwig and gow 2016 find dc can do to maintain homeostasis

A

Both induce th and t regs at the same time whcih would control responses

39
Q

What did erwig and gow 2016 find can bind host b1,6 glucans alloeing pahgocytosis

A

Complement

40
Q

How is cryptococcus capsule an example of fungal evasion

A

Sheds the capsule which inruces il10 which stops responses to them

41
Q

How does c albucans escape the phagosome (erwig and gow 2016)

A

Reduce the ph allowing hyphal morphogenesis

Mucosal Surfaces (33 decks)

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