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Mucosal Surfaces > L13 -Viruses Part 2 > Flashcards

L13 -Viruses Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Is rhino virus enveloped

A

No. Just its ssrna

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2
Q

Is corona enveloped

A

Yes

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3
Q

Hoe foes it get to us

A

Intermediate hosts eg camels in mers

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4
Q

T or f. Usually cause upper respiratory disease

A

True excet 3 lineages

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5
Q

Which 3 lineages of corona caused lower resp fisease and ards

A

Sars cov, mers, sara cov 2

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6
Q

Other than ards what other extrapulmonary effects can they hsve

A

Diarrhoea/abdominal pain

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7
Q

Can also xause sirs. What is this

A

Systemic inflammation reaponse sundrome / shock syndrome

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8
Q

What is the major isuses with over excessive inflammation xuasing covid disease

A

Cytokine storm =

Hypotension, fever, pulmonary embolisms, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, tissue damage, systemic infections

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9
Q

Name some anti inflam used

A

Anti il6, gm csf, dexamethasome

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10
Q

What sort of cytokines are in a storm

A

Tnf, il 6 and il 8 which wll cause issues

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11
Q

How is maturity of immune ststem via microbiota omportant antiviral

A

Can induce th1 responses eg sfb, bacteroices fragilis. Also iga for neutralising virus eg via tlr5 flagellin, sfb, th17 response causes iga (cao ey al 2012), also Tslp b crll fevelopment

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12
Q

What sort of surfactants can bscteria release which sre antiviral

A

H202 (toxic to hiv and also induced inflammasome) , bacteriocinw, lactic acid lowering ph rg for hiv, amps

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13
Q

How do amp release vy migrobiota (ostaff 2013) cause anti viral effects

A

Attack of enveloped viruses eg influenza

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14
Q

Why is activating inflammasome eg by h2o2 important

A

Can induce dc from lung to drain to lymph and activate more t fells eg th1 v importwnt

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15
Q

Which mhc is inducrd by sfb

A

Mhc II = th1 reaponse able = cr8 and nk activated

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16
Q

Which bscteria induces nk via activsting dc and is lsctic acid producing (sekirov 2009)

A

Lactobacillus

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17
Q

Why can some bacteria cause down reg of snti viraonreapojse

A

Eg il10 t ref induction by b frsgilis and scfa

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18
Q

Which important cytokine is blocked by il10 needed for antiviral effects

A

Ifny

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19
Q

How is jt needed

A

Induces mhc I (for cd8) , activates dc and mscrophages and promotes a th1 response

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20
Q

Which article discusses how polio uses microbiota for sdvsntage

A

Wilks and golovkina 2012

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21
Q

Which bacillus increased polio infectivity by 500%

A

Bacillus cereus

22
Q

How

A

Polio used lps to gain access

23
Q

How can lps also cause anti viral dampening down

A

Tlr4 binding can cause b cell release of il10 (aswell as other things like scfa inducing t regs)

24
Q

Other than ifn y, what can il10 reduce

A

Il 6,8,2

25
Q

Which antibody in urogenital tract causes anti infertility

A

Anti sperm

26
Q

Which weak ab does urogenital trsct get from circulation (no malt)

A

Monomeric iga and igg

27
Q

Which vaccine route can cause siga in urigenital tract

A

Nasal

28
Q

Is there more igg or siga in urogential

A

More igg vs gut

29
Q

Which 2 ways does ab get to urogenital tract systemically

A

Transudstion and exudation

30
Q

Whats the difference

A

Transudation is the flow of plasma from vlood vessels actoss epithelia naturally

Exudation is where thete is fluid build up due to tissue damage/ leakage causing igg increwse

31
Q

Whoch mucosal surfsces is hiv transmittef

A

Genital skd digestive

32
Q

What can increqse hiv infectivity

A 
T vsginalis infrction 
Inflammation 
Unprotected sex 
Erosion of barrier 
High giral load
33
Q

When is the hughest viral load for infectivity

A

Start of hiv and end

34
Q

Structures of hiv

A

2 identical ss rna

Also enveloped

35
Q

How many major genes does hiv have

A

9

36
Q

Which gene encodes gp120 and gp41

A

Env

37
Q

What leas to fusion and release of hiv viral rna

A

Gp120 vind cd4, gp41 vinds ccr5 = fusion

38
Q

How does ciral rna become cdna

A

Rt

39
Q

What is the cirus xalled where it integrates its cdna in to then be transcribed

A

Provirus

40
Q

What can increase hiv cd4 depeltion in cervico vaginal site

A

Erosion or cell death eg by infection, inflammation eg t vaginalis

41
Q

Why is there a 50% reduction of risk if circumised

A

Have a conified layer which is harder to enter

42
Q

How can m cells and cross epithelial cause cd4 infection

A

Then can ag sample hiv and transfer in and transfect cd4 t cells

43
Q

How can cross epi dc also cause systemic cd4 depeletion

A

Carry it out via lymph node

44
Q

How does hiv binding ccr5 allow cd4 infection

A

Can endocytose and then transcytose to basolateral aide

45
Q

What are the viruses of tv

A

Totiviridae TVV

46
Q

What sort of genomr do tvv have

A

Non segmented ds rna

47
Q

Which tlr do tvv induce causing inflammation and susceptibility to hiv

A

Tlr3

48
Q

Other than the tlr3 how else can tv cause inflammation and hiv suscpetibility

A

Mycoplasma giredii and hominis symbiosis

Aswell as bacteria in bacterial vsginosis

49
Q

Which article suggests tv and hiv link

A

Mercer et al 2018

50
Q

Which immunoreg peptide decreeases in bacterial vsginosis causing hiv susceptibility

A

Slp1

51
Q

Which tvv cytokine can cause recruitment of hiv tsrgets

A

Rantes

52
Q

How do scfa have effect on increasing inflammation

A

Infuce the inflammasome = inflammation eg dxvessive in sars

Mucosal Surfaces (33 decks)

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