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Medicine 2 Week 6 - 11 > Upper Limb 2 > Flashcards

Upper Limb 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many of each type of bone is there in the hand

A

27 Bones

8 Carpal
5 Metacarpal
5 proximal Phalanges
4 Middle Phalanges
5 Distal Phalanges
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2
Q

List the carpal bone

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

She Looks Too Pretty, Try To Catch Her

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3
Q

5 Main Joints of the wrist

A 
Large CMC Joint
Small CMC Joint
Midcarpal Joints
Radiocarpal Joint
Distal Radioulnar Joint

[Ulnocarpal Joint]

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4
Q

TFCC

A

Triangular
Fibrocartilage Complex

Triangular in shape and made up of several ligaments and cartilage

Allows flexibility of wrist

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5
Q

Extrinsic Anterior Hand Muscles

A

Flexor Digiti Superficialis

Flexor Digiti Profundus

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6
Q

Intrinsic Medial Anterior Hand Muscles

A

Abductor Digiti
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Opponens Digiti Minimi

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7
Q

Intrinsic Lateral Anterior Hand Muscles

A

Superficial: Abductor Pollicis Brevis, Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Deep: Opponens Pollicis

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8
Q

Small subcutaneous anterior hand muscle

A

Palmaris Brevis

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9
Q

Intrinsic Adductor Compartment of Anterior Hand Muscles

A

Adductor Pollicis (Oblique Head at 2, 3 metacarpals & transverse head at ant. shaft of 3 metacarpal)

Attaches to medial side of proximal phalange of thumb

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10
Q

Lumbricals

A

Intrinsic Hand Muscles that flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints

Arises from tendons of FDP to lateral side of distal end of proximal phalanges

Not on Thumb

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11
Q

Palmar Interosseus Muscles

A

Adduct the fingers and assist in flexion of metacarpohalangeal joints/extension of interphalangeal joints

Between metacarpals 2-5
Arising from 2, 3, 5 to bases proximal phalanges & extensor expansions of 2, 4, 5

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12
Q

Which muscles compose the central compartment of the hand muscles

A

Lumbricals

Palmar Interossei

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13
Q

Extrinsic Extensors of the Posterior Hand

A

Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Indicis
Extensor Digiti Minimi

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14
Q

What restricts independent extension of fingers

A

Linking of adjacent tendons by 3 oblique intertendinous connections

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15
Q

Thenar Extensors of the Posterior Hand

A

Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Longus & Brevis

Outcrop muscles that make anatomical snuff box

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16
Q

What does compresion of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel cause

A

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

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17
Q

Volar Hand

A

Palmar Side

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18
Q

Is the median nerve volar or dorsal

A

Volar

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19
Q

Which Carpal Bones define the boundaries of the carpal tunnel

A

Laterally: Scaphoid & Trapezium tubercles
Medially: Pisiform and Hook of Hamate

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20
Q

Role of flexor retinaculum in creating the carpal tunnel

A

Turns the carpal arch into the carpal tunnel by bridging the space between the medial & lateral parts of the arch

It is a thick connective tissue which forms the roof of the carpal tunnel

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21
Q

What nerve is in the carpal tunnel

A

Median Nerve

22
Q

Which tendons are in the carpal tunnel

A

Flexor Pollicis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Digitorum Profundus

23
Q

Function of the Retinacula

A

Fixing the tendons to the wrist

Preventing bow-stringing & sideways sliding

24
Q

Describe the finger pulley system

A

FDS & FDP are closesly fixed t ophalanges by a fibro-osseus tunnel formed by fibrous arches
- Provides biomechanical stability and prevents bowstringing

25
Q

Describe the spread of the FDS & FDP tendons towards the distal phalanges

A

the FDS tendons split into 2 slips which divide around the FDP tendon and insert into the middle phalanx
- Allows FDP tendon to continue to distal phalanx

26
Q

Muscles involved in Extension of Fingers

A

Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis (Index finger)
Extensor digiti minimi (pinkie)

27
Q

Muscles involved in extension of thumb

A

Extensor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Abductor Pollicis Longus

28
Q

What is a highly sensitive test for scaphoid fracture

A

Anatomical Snuffbox Tenderness

29
Q

What carpal bones does the radial artery lie on in the anatomical snuff box

A

Trapezium & Scaphoid

30
Q

Which direction is thumb abduction

A

Perpendicular/Away from hand anteriorly

31
Q

What movements make up thumb opposition

A

Simultaneous flexion & adduction

32
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

Dorsal Abduction

Movement as shown in diagram

Origin:
Adjacent sides of Metacarpals 2-5

Insertion:
1 & 2 - Base of proximal phalanges/extensor expansions 2, 3
2 & 3 - Base of proximal phalanges/extensor expansions 3, 4

33
Q

2 Main types of grips

A

Power Grips

Precision Grips

34
Q

3 Types of Power Grips

A

Cylindrical Grip
Spherical Grip
Hook Grip

35
Q

3 Types of Precision Grips

A

Tripod Grasp (Pencil)
Plate Grip
Pinch Grip

1 Finger, Thum

36
Q

Dorsiflexion & Muscles Involved

A

ECRL
ECRB
ECU

(green)

37
Q

Palmarflexion & Muscles Involved

A

FCR
FCU
Palmaris Longus
(+ extrinsic finger flexors)

38
Q

Dart-thrower’s motion

A

Combiner palmarflexion & ulnar deviation

39
Q

Radial Deviation & Muscles Involved

A 
All radial wrist muscles
ECRL
ECRB
FCR
(+ extrinsic thumb muscles)

(red)

40
Q

Ulnar Deviation

A

All ulnar wrist muscles
ECU
FCU
(extensor digiti mini)

(blue)

41
Q

Discuss distribution of ulnar & radial arteries in hand

A
42
Q

What does the median nerve innervate in the hand

A

Sensory:
Lateral 3.5 digits
Palm of hand

Motor:
Flexor muscles (Besdies FCU) and lateral 2 lumbricals
43
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate in the hand

A

Sensory
Medial half of palm
Dorsal surface of medial 1.5 fingers and associates dorsal hand ares

Motor
Majority of intrinsic hand muscles
Hypothenar muscles (FDmB, ADM, ODM)
Medial 2 lumbricals
Adductor pollicis
Palmar & Dorsal Interossei
Palmaris brevis
44
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate in the hand

A

Sensory
Lateral Aspect of dorsal hand
Dorsal surface of lateral proximo aspect 3.5 digits

Motor
Extensor Muscles

45
Q

Most common carpal bone to dislocate

A

Lunate

46
Q

Most common carpal bone to fracture

A

Scaphoid

47
Q

Most commonly injured wrist ligament

A

Scapholunate Ligament

48
Q

Most common overall fracture

A

Colle’s fracture

49
Q

Why is a scaphoid fracture so serious

A

Has a high chance of causing avascular necrosis

50
Q

Palsy

A

Various types of paralysis or paresis, often accompanied by weakness and the loss of feeling and uncontrolled body movements such as shaking

51
Q

Role of palmar fascia/aponeurosis

A

Attachment site of palmaris longus & brevis

Protects and separates deeper structures

Medicine 2 Week 6 - 11 (54 decks)

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