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Medicine 2 Week 6 - 11 > Joints of Lower Limbs > Flashcards

Joints of Lower Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

State the innervation of synovial joints

A

Richly Innervated

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2
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint

A

Ball and Socket Joint

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3
Q

Possible movements of the hip joint

A

Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction
In/Outward Rotation

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4
Q

Ligaments at the Hip

A
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5
Q

Role of Iliofemoral Ligament

A

Prevents Hyperextension

**STRONG

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6
Q

Role of Pubofemoral Ligament

A

Prevents Excessive Abduction

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7
Q

Strength of Ischiofemoral Ligament

A

Weak

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8
Q

How might a posterior hip dislocation occur

A
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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Shenton’s Line and its importance

A

maginary curved line drawn along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus (superior border of the obturator foramen) and along the inferomedial border of the neck of femur

This line should be continuous and smooth, if not then it can indicate pathologies - mainly a fracture

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

Muscles that cross the hip joint

A 
Gluteal Muscles
Hamstrings
Iliopsoas
Pectinues
Sartorius
Rectus Femoris (Not the rest of quads)
Adductor/Medial Thigh Muscles
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13
Q

Role of Iliopsoas

A

Chief Flexor of hip joint

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14
Q

Which gluteal muscles are innervated by what

A

Gluteus Maximus - Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Gluteus Medius/Minimus - Superior Gluteal Nerve

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15
Q

What test is used to test for superior gluteal nerve damage

A

Trendelenburg Test

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16
Q

What type of joint is the knee

A

Hinge Synovial Joint

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17
Q

Main role of knee joint

A

Flexion & Extension

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18
Q

Structures that pass the knee compartment

A

Hamstrings

Quadriceps

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19
Q

What are the two collateral ligaments of the knee

A
20
Q

What is the Anterior Cruciate Ligament

A

(Patella Lig Rolled Down)

21
Q

Role of ACL

A

Limits posterior rolling of femur on tibia and hyperextension

22
Q

What is the Posterior Cruciate Ligament

A
23
Q

Role of PCL

A

Limits anterior rolling of femur on tibia and hyperflexion

24
Q

How are the collateral ligaments of the knee during full extensions

A

Taut

25
Q

Role of cruciate ligaments in general

A

Preventing too much rotation (more so medial rotation)

26
Q

How to test the collateral ligaments

A

Take leg in hands with knee straight

Try to abduct/adduct the knee

There should be very little movement

**TCL PREVENTS ADDUCTION

27
Q

How to test cruciate ligaments

**DRAWER TEST

A

Patient lies with knee flexed at 90 degrees

Sit on foot of leg to be tested

Pull leg forward from tibia to test ACL, push back to test PCL

There should be little movement

28
Q

Menisci of the knee

A

C/O-Shaped pad of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber, Each knee has two

29
Q

Role of the menisci

A

Important in shock absorption

30
Q

Which meniscus is more mobile

A

The Lateral meniscus is more mobile than the medial

31
Q

Relations of femur to tibia during knee rotation

A

Some medial rotation of femur on tibia

**MANY MUSCLES RELAX IN THIS POSITION

32
Q

How is the knee unlocked

A

Popliteus contracts to laterally rotate teh femur on the tibia by about 5 degrees

33
Q
A
34
Q

What arteries supply the knee

A

Genicular Arteries

35
Q

What type of joint is the ankle joint

A

Hinge type synovial joint

36
Q

Is the ankle more stable during dorsiflexion or plantarflexion

A

Dorsiflexion, it is relatively unstable during plantarflexion

37
Q

Describe the articulations at the ankle joint

A

Tibia/Fibula form a mortise into which the body of the talus fits

38
Q

What muscles cross the ankle joint

A

Posterior Leg Compartment

  • Triceps Surae
  • Superficial (Plantaris)
  • Deep group

Lateral Compartment of the Leg
Anterior Compartment of Leg

39
Q
A
40
Q

Where are ankle anastomoses derived from

A

Medial & Lateral Malleolar Branch

41
Q

What are the three lateral ankle ligaments

A
42
Q

What is the most common ankle injury

A

Inversion injury

43
Q

What ankle injury is most likely to be damaged in an ankle sprain

A

Anterior Talofibular Ligament

**CAN BE PARTIALLY OR FULLY TORN

44
Q

Pott Fracture

A

Forced Eversion Fracture

Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament Torn

Medial Ligament is strong so can fracture medial malleolus

Talus moves laterally so lateral malleolus or fibula may fracture

45
Q

Transverse tarsal joint

A

Compound Joint formed of Tarsonavicular joint and Calcaneocuboid joint

46
Q

Usual Site for surgical amputation of foot

A

Transverse Tarsal Joint

47
Q

Hilton Law

A

Nerve supplying muscles that cross over and act on a joint, also innervate that joint

Medicine 2 Week 6 - 11 (54 decks)

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