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Biocheem > Glycolysis and CAC > Flashcards

Glycolysis and CAC Flashcards

1
Q

What are the substrates and products in the conversion of Glucose to Glucose-6-phosphate?

A

Substrates: ATP
Products: ADP + H+

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2
Q

What is the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate catalyzed by?

A

Hexokinase

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3
Q

What does Hexokinase catalyze?

A

The conversion of Glucose to Glucose-6-Phosphate

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4
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?

A

A phosphate transfer reaction

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5
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of Glucose-6-Phosphate to Fructose-6-Phosphate?

A

Isomerization

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6
Q

What is the conversion of Fructose-6-Phosphate to Fructose 1-6-bisphosphate catalyzed by?

A

PFK-1

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7
Q

What does PFK-1 catalyze?

A

Fructose-6-phosphate to Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

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8
Q

What are the products and reactants of the conversion of Fructose-6-phosphate to Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?

A

Products: ADP + H+
Reactants: ATP

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9
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?

A

A Phosphorylation

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10
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to DHAP and GAP?

A

A lysis

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11
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of DHAP to GAP?

A

An isomerization

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12
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of GAP to 1,3-BPG?

A

Oxidation

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13
Q

What are the substrates and products in the conversion of GAP to 1,3-BPG?

A

Substrates: NAD+ + Pi
Products: NADH + H+

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14
Q

What is the conversion of GAP to 1,3-BPG Catalyzed by?

A

GAPDH

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15
Q

What does GAPDH catalyze?

A

The conversion of GAP to 1,3-BPG

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16
Q

What are the substrates and products when 1,3 BPG is converted to 3-Phosphoglycerate?

A

Substrates: ADP
Products: ATP

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17
Q

What is the first SLP in glycolysis?

A

The conversion of 1,3 BPG to 3 phosphoglycerate that produces ATP

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18
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate?

A

An isomerization

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19
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruavte?

A

A dehydration

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20
Q

What are the substrates and products in the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate?

A

Substrates:
Products: H2O

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21
Q

What kind of molecule is PEP?

A

A high energy molecule

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22
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of PEP to Pyruvate?

A

An SLP

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23
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of PEP to Pyruvate?

A

A SLP

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24
Q

What are the two SLPs in glycolysis?

A
  • 1,3 BPG ➡️ 2-Phosphoglycerate

* PEP ➡️ Pyruvate

25
Q

What are the products and reactants in the conversion of PEP to Pyruvate?

A

Products: ATP
Reactants: ADP + H+

26
Q

What does pyruvate kinase catalyze?

A

The conversion of PEP to pyruvate

27
Q

What catalyzes the conversion of PEP to Pyruvate?

A

Pyruvate Kinase

28
Q

What converts Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA?

A

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH)

29
Q

What does Pyruvate Dehydrogenase do?

A

Catalyzes the conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA

30
Q

How many NADH are produced by glycolysis and where?

A

2 NADH are produced. One from each conversion of GAP to 1,3-BPG

31
Q

What are the reactants and products in the conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA?

A

Reactants: NAD+, Coenzyme A
Products: NADH and CO2

32
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA

A

Oxidative Decarboxylation

33
Q

What are the reactants and products when Acetyl-CoA is converted to Citrate?

A

Reactants: H2O
Products: CoA

34
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of Citrate to Isocitrate?

A

An isomerization

35
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of Isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate?

A

Oxidative Decarboxylation

36
Q

What catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate?

A

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

37
Q

What does Isocitrate Dehydrogenase catalyze?

A

The conversion of Isocitrate into alpha-ketoglutarate

38
Q

What are the products and reactants in the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate?

A

Reactants: NAD+
Products: NADH + CO2

39
Q

What are the substrates and products of the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA?

A

Reactants: NAD+ coenzyme A
Products: NADH + CO2

40
Q

What catalyzes the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA?

A

Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

41
Q

What does alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase catalyze?

A

The conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA

42
Q

What are the products and reactions when succinyl-CoA is converted to succinate?

A

Substrates: GDP + Pi
Products: GTP + CoA

43
Q

What does the reaction of succinate dehydrogenase catalyze?

A

The conversion of Succinate to Fumarate

44
Q

What catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumerate?

A

Succinate Dehydrogenase

45
Q

What are the reactants and products in the conversion of succinate to Fumarate?

A

Reactants: FAD
Products: FADH2

46
Q

What happens to the FADH2 that is produced in the conversion of succinate to fumerate?

A

It is reoxidized by Q and which gets reduced to QH2

47
Q

What are the reactants and products in the conversion of Fumarate to Malate?

A

Reactants: H2O
Products:

48
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of Fumarate to Malate?

A

A hydration

49
Q

What are the reactants and products in the conversion of Malate to Oxaloacetate?

A

Reactants: NAD+
Products: NADH + H+

50
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA?

A

Oxidative Decarboxylation

51
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of succinyl CoA to Succinate?

A

SLP

52
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of succinate to fumerate?

A

Oxidation

53
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of Fumarate to Malate?

A

Hydration

54
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of Malate to Oxaloacetate?

A

Oxidation

55
Q

What are the energy capture steps in glycolysis?

A
  • GAP ➡️ 1,3-BPG to create NADH
  • 1,3-BPG to 2-phosphoglycerate to create ATP
  • PEP to pyruvate to create ATP
56
Q

What are the energy capture steps in the CAC?

A
  • Isocitrate ➡️ Alpha-ketoglutarate to make NADH
  • Alpha ketoglutarate ➡️ Succinyl-CoA to make NADH
  • Succinyl-CoA ➡️ Succinate to make GTP
  • Succinate ➡️ Fumarate to make FADH2
  • Malate ➡️ Oxaloacetate to make NADH
57
Q

What are the SLPs in the CAC?

A

In the conversion of Succinyl-CoA ➡️ Succinate GTP is made

58
Q

What are the high energy intermediates of the CAC?

A

•Succinyl-CoA (Thioester)

59
Q

What are the high-energy intermediates of Glycolysis?

A
  • 1,3-BPG (acyl phosphate)
  • F-1,6-Bisphosphate
  • PEP

Biocheem (38 decks)

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