Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FHB > Reproduction - male reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction - male reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

At the pituitary level, what does inhibin B inhibit the release of?

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

At the pituitary level, what does activin stimulate?

A

Release of FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In male reproduction what cells produce inhibin B, and what stimulates its expression?

A

Sertoli cells; FSH stimulates its expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is activin expressed, and aside from being activating to gonadotrophic hormones what else does it do?

A

Activin is expressed in pituitary and testes and also generates the GnRH receptor which makes the ituitary more sensitive to GnRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
FSH effect on: 
Spermatogenesis? 
Sperm motility? 
Growth of seminiforous tubules?
Androgen binding protein?
Aromatase?
Inhibins?
Growth factors?
A

Increases to all of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
LH effect on:
Steroidogenesis
ANdrogen generation
StAR protein
Leydig cell growth
A

also increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the enzyme that converts DHEA to androsteinedione

A

3b-HSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can androstendione be converted into Testosterone? And what else can it be turned into?

A

17bHSD (type III in males)

Can also be used to make estrone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how do we get DHT from T

A

5a reductase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can DHT be turned into

A

3a diol or 3b diol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is excreted testosterone excreted

A

as 17 ketosteroids and DHT – conjugated to wwater solube forms and excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What hormones are responsible for beard growth, sebum formation, and prostate generation

A

DHT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What hormoens are responsible for male pubertal development

A

DHT and T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What hormones are responsible for sperm production

A

T, DHT, E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What hormone is responsible for raising VLDL and LDL and lowering HDL

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What hormone is responsible for RBC generation

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What hormone is responsible for increase in muscle mass

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What hormone is responsible for increase in abdominal visceral fat

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What hormones are responsible for bone protection

A

T and E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What hormone is responsible for male voice

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What hormones are responsible for male behavior

A

T, E, DHT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what hormones are responsible for feedback inhibition of gonadotropic secretion

A

T, E, DHT

23
Q

What hormone is responsible for intrauterine differentiation of penis, scrotum, urethra, and prostate

A

DHT

24
Q

What 3 things does T directly support development of in utero (fetal development)?

A

Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles (internal tract from wolffian duct)

25
Q

What 6 things does T directly support development of at puberty

A

Penis, seminal vesicles, musculature, voice, skeleton, spermatogenesis

26
Q

What 3 things does DHT support in utero

A

Penis, penile urethra, prostate, and scrotum

27
Q

What 4 things does DHT support at puberty

A

Scrotum, prostate, male pattern hair distribution, sebaceous glands

28
Q

4 steps of testicular descent

A

Embryonic position (up), transabdominal phase , inguinoscrotal phase (migration), elongation of cord

29
Q

2 major parts of testes

A

seminiforous tubules, scrotum

30
Q

testicular blood flow and why it is important

A

Sperm are picky and like it 1-2 degrees cooler then body temp - thus there is a testicular artery posed spirally along the vein, which transfers warm arterial blood heat to venous blood prior to contact with seminiforous tubules

31
Q

Peritubular testes space

A

Leydig cells, myoid cells, an vascular supply

32
Q

Intratubular testes space

A

Sertoli cells, developing germ cells, and lumen where the mature sperm are released

33
Q

Inhibin in leydig cells

A

Augments LH induced testosterone production in Leydig cells

34
Q

Activin in leydig cells

A

Inhibits testosterone production in leydig cells

35
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

The process by which spermatogonia become 4 haploid spermatids

36
Q

Spermiogenesis

A

The maturation of spermatids into spermatozoa - spermatids differentiate into flagellated spermatozoa. Nuclear condensation, shrinkage of the cytoplasm, formation of acrosome, development of tail

37
Q

Spermiation

A

The release of spermatozoa from sertoli cells into lumen - most remaining cytoplasm is removed and residual body is formed.

38
Q

Where do spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis, spermiation occu

A

In the seminiferous tubule

39
Q

Can spermatazoa always move

A

Nope, they are immobile in the seminiforous tubule and passively move from this to rete testis

40
Q

Where do spermatozoa continue to matue, and what happens to their structure as they go? Their ability to move?

A

Mature along the tubule of epididymis - acts as a reservoir for sperm, and important fo sperm maturation. While storedin epididymis, sperm gain mobility and lose most of their cytoplasm, and crosome is stabilized (decapacitation). They gain mobility.

41
Q

Acrosome

A

Sperm cap that contains hydrolyzing enzymes used to penetrate ovum.

42
Q

Seminal vesicles and what they secrete

A

Paired structures that lie inferior to bladder on either side of urethra that form ejaculatory duct together; add nutrients (fructose, citric acid, etc to keep sperm alive), prostaglandins (facilitate sperm transport by getting uterine contractions), buffer (to keep pH in narrow range to promote survival and mobility)

43
Q

Prostate and what it secretes

A

Alkaline secretions to neutralize vaginal pH, and proteolytic enzymes to help liquefy semen

44
Q

Cowper’s/bulbourethral gland and what it secretes

A

Sits below prostate, , secretes mucus into urethra upon arousal (can contain some sperm)

45
Q

Benign prostate hyperplasia

A

Prostate is just gonna keep growing - it can cause pain, and eventually develop into cancer with age. Pathology is unclear but BPH can increase tissue PSA by 10 and a tumor will increase it in the serum. Possibly this is due to increased sensitivity to testosterone due to increased androgen receptors.

46
Q

Flaccid state in penis

A

SNS action keeps helicine arteries contracted – restricts blood flow.

47
Q

What happens in an erection

A

PSNS activity leds to relaxation of smooth muscle in corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum → increase in blood flow, and engorgement results in swelling. Ach and NO lead to further vasodilation.

48
Q

How does viagra work

A

Inhibits PDE’s - so you are able to maintain an erection - but can cause heart problems since this is not specific to penile circulation.

49
Q

What branch of ANS controls emission

A

SNS

50
Q

What is involved in ejaculation

A

Peristaltic rhythmic contractions via smooth muscle of portions of vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate. Ejaclation is a spinal cord reflex triggered by entry of semen into bulbous urethra frm prostatic urethra – rhythmic contractions of ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles propel semen through urethra

51
Q

Hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism

A

High LH/FSH, low T/DHT - such as enzyme deficiencies in steroid hormone bioynthesis

52
Q

Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

A

Low GnRH, low LH/FSH, low T/DHT

53
Q

Most common cause of subfertility in men

A

Varicocele (dilated scrotum veins)

54
Q

Post testicular causes of male infertility

A

Ductal obstructions, premature ejaculation, impotence

FHB (54 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions