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AP Psychology > Reading Quiz Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Reading Quiz Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

prospagnosia

A

face blindness

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2
Q

facial recognition occurs in the

A

right hemisphere

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3
Q

bottom-up processing

A

begins with sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information

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4
Q

top-up processing

A

information processed by higher level thinking, when we construct perceptions on our experiences & expectations

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5
Q

selective attention

A

focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimuli

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6
Q

perception

A

organizing, and interpreting sensory information

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7
Q

perception allows us to

A

recognize meaningful objects and events

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8
Q

sensation

A

sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

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9
Q

intentional blindness

A

failing it see visible objects when attention is directed elsewhere

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10
Q

change blindness

A

failing to notice changes in the environment

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11
Q

change deafness

A

unaware of change in speaker

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12
Q

pop-out phenomenon

A

stimuli that draw are attention, often are distinctly different from the rest

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13
Q

psychophysics

A

relationship between physical characteristics including intensity and our psychological experience of them

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14
Q

absolute threshold

A

minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time

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15
Q

signal detection theory

A

how and when we detect a faint stimulus amid background noise

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16
Q

signal detection theory depends on an individuals

A

experience, expectations, motivation and alertness

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17
Q

signal detection theory assumes

A

there is no single absolute threshold

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18
Q

subliminal

A

below ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness

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19
Q

priming

A

unconscious activation of certain association areas

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20
Q

websters law

A

the principle that to be perceived different two stimuli must differ by a constant percentage

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21
Q

difference threshold

A

minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time

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22
Q

sensory adaptation

A

diminished sensitivity because of a constant stimulation

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23
Q

transduction

A

conversion of one form of energy into another

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24
Q

transduction in sensation

A

transforming stimulus energies: sights, sounds, smells into neural impulses our brain can interpret

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25
Q

wavelength

A

distance from peak of light or sound wave to the peak of the next

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26
Q

hue

A

dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light

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27
Q

intensity

A

amount of energy in light or sound wave which we perceive as brightness or loudness

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28
Q

great amplitude

A

bright colors

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29
Q

small amplitude

A

dull colors

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30
Q

short wavelength

A

high frequency- blue colors

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31
Q

long wavelenght

A

short frequency- red colors

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32
Q

pupil

A

adjustable opening, where light enters

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33
Q

iris

A

colored portion of eye and controls size of pupil opening

34
Q

lens

A

changes shape to focus images on retina

35
Q

accommodation

A

eye lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina

36
Q

rods

A

retinal receptors detecting black, white, gray necessary for peripheral and twilight vision (when cones don’t respond)

37
Q

cones

A

retinal receptors function in daylight and well lit conditions- detect fine detail and color sensations

38
Q

optic nerve

A

carries neural impulses from eye to brain

39
Q

blind spot

A

no receptor cells

40
Q

fovea

A

central focal point in retina surrounding cone cluster

41
Q

feature detectors

A

respond to specific features of stimulus: shape, angle or movement

42
Q

parallel processing

A

processing of may aspects of a problem simultaneously

43
Q

Young Helmholts trichromatic theory

A

(Three color theory) that retina contains three different color receptors, one most sensitive to red, one to green one to blue- which when stimulated produce the perception of any color

44
Q

opponent-process theory

A

opposing retinal processes enable color vision

45
Q

audition

A

the sense or act of hearing

46
Q

frequency

A

the number of complete wavelengths (per second)

47
Q

pitch

A

tone’s experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency

48
Q

cochela

A

fluid filled tube inner ear where sound waves trigger neural impulses

49
Q

inner ear

A

the innermost part of ear

50
Q

place theory

A

links pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated

51
Q

frequency theory

A

nerve impulses traveling up auditory nerve matches frequency of a tone, enabling us to sense its pitch

52
Q

conduction hearing loss

A

hearing loss due to damage to the mechanical system conducting sound waves to cochlea

53
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

hearing loss caused by damage to cochleas receptors cells or to auditory nerves

54
Q

cochlear implant

A

device converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

55
Q

conduction hearing loss

A

hearing loss due to damage to the mechanical system conducting sound waves to cochlea

56
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

hearing loss caused by damage to cochleas receptors cells or to auditory nerves

57
Q

cochlear implant

A

device converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

58
Q

gate-control theory

A

that the spinal cord contains a neurological gate blocking pain signals or allows them to pass on to the briain

59
Q

vestibular sense

A

monitors body’s and head position and movement

60
Q

nocieptors

A

sensory receptors that detect hurtful temperatures, pressure or chemicals

61
Q

figure-ground

A

organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surrondings

62
Q

sensory interaction

A

that one sense may influence another as when the smell of food influences its taste

63
Q

gestalt

A

organized whole, emphasized tendency to integrate pieces of info into meaningful wholes

64
Q

figure-ground

A

organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surrondings

65
Q

depth perception

A

ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike retina are two dimensional allow us to judge distance

66
Q

binocular cues

A

depth cues, retinal disparity that depend on the use of two eyes

67
Q

perceptual constancy

A

perceiving objects as unchanging (consistent shapes,sizes,lightness and color) even as illumination and retinal images change

68
Q

monocular cues

A

depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone

69
Q

phi phenomenon

A

illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

70
Q

perceptual set

A

mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

71
Q

color constancy

A

perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object

72
Q

perceptual adaptation

A

ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

73
Q

perceptual set

A

mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

74
Q

biological influences

A

sensory analysis, unlearned visual phenomena, critical period for sensory development

75
Q

psychological influence

A

selective attention, learned schemas, Gestalt principles, context effects, perceptual set

76
Q

soical-cultural influences

A

cultural assumptions and expectations

77
Q

paranormal phenomena (PSI)

A

telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition

78
Q

precognition

A

predicting the future

79
Q

clairvoyance

A

perceiving remote events (friend’s house is on fire)

80
Q

telepathy

A

mind to mind communication

81
Q

parapsychology

A

study of paranormal phenomena

82
Q

extrasensory perception

A

controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input: includes telepathy, clairvoyance and precognition

AP Psychology (13 decks)

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