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AP Psychology > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

biomedical therapy

A

a prescribed medication or medical procedure that acts directly on the patient’s nervous system

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2
Q

psychotherapy

A

a trained therapist uses psychological techniques to assist someone seeking to overcome dificultiies or achieve personal growth

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3
Q

eclectic approach

A

using a bled of therapies

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4
Q

psychotherapy integration

A

combines a selection of assorted techniques into a single coherent system

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5
Q

psychoanalysis was a therapeutic technique performed by

A

Sigmund Frued

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6
Q

psychoanalysis believes

A

free associations, resistances, dreams and transference, and therapists interpretations will release previously repressed feeling allowing patient to gain self-insight

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7
Q

resistance

A

occurs in psychoanalysis- blocking from consciousness of anxiety laden material

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8
Q

intrepret

A

occurs in psychoanalysis- the analysts noting of supposed dream meanings/resistance/other behaviors to promote insight

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9
Q

latent learning

A

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

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10
Q

dream analysis

A

suggesting a dreams meaning

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11
Q

humanistic therapists focus on

A
  • the present/future more than the past
  • conscious thoughts
  • taking immediate responsibility for feelings/actions
  • promoting growth instead of curing illness
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12
Q

carl rogers created

A

client-centered therapy

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13
Q

client centered therapy

A

humanistic therapy- therapist uses techniques such as active listening with a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth

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14
Q

active listening

A

echoic, restating, and seeking clarification of what the person expresses and acknowledging expressed feelings- non-verbally/verbally

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15
Q

non-directive therapy

A

the therapist listens without judging/interpreting and seeks to refrain from direction client towards certain insights

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16
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

a caring, accepting, non-judmental attitude in which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

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17
Q

behavior therapy

A

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

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18
Q

three hints:

A
  • paraphrase
  • invite clarification
  • reflect feelings
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19
Q

counter-conditioning

A

behavior therapy uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors

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20
Q

exposure therapies & aversive conditioning are

A

counter-conditioning techniques

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21
Q

exposure therapies are the most

A

widely used type of behavior therapies

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22
Q

exposure therapies

A

treat anxiety by exposing people in through both imagination or actuality to the things they fear and avoid

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23
Q

systematic desensitization

A

exposure therapy- associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli

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24
Q

systematic desensitization is commonly used when treating

A

phobias

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25
Q

progressive relaxation

A

relaxing one muscle group after another, then imagine an anxiety aroused situation and raising your finger when feeling tension. You would return to a relaxed state, the scene is repeatedly paired with relaxation until you feel no trace of anxiety

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26
Q

virtual reality exposure therapy

A

anxiety treatment- progressively exposes people to stimulations of their greatest fears

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27
Q

aversive conditioning

A

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior

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28
Q

aversive conditioning example

A

associating feelings of nausea with the unwanted behavior of drinking alcohol

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29
Q

aversive conditioning seeks to

A

condition an aversion to something the person should avoid

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30
Q

behavior modification

A

reinforcing desired behaviors, withholding reinforcement or enacting punishment for undesired behaviors

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31
Q

token economy

A

operant conditioning procedure- people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting desired behavior and cln later exchenge tokens for various privileges/treats

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32
Q

behavior modification critic views:

A
  • will individuals become dependent on extrinsic rewards

- is it ethically right for one human to control another humans behavior

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33
Q

cognitive therapy

A

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking/acting

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34
Q

cognitive therapy is based on the assumption that

A

thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reaction

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35
Q

stress inoculation therapy

A

teaching people how to restructure their thinking in stressful situations

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36
Q

cognitive-behavioral therapy

A

to alter how individuals both think and act

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37
Q

cognitivie behavior therapy changes

A

self-defeating thinking while changing behavior

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38
Q

in family therapy the family is treated as a

A

system

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39
Q

family therapy

A

views and individuals unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members

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40
Q

psychodynamic therapy the assumed problem is

A

unconscious forces & childhood expereinces

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41
Q

client-centered therapy assumed problem is

A

barriers to self understanding and acceptance

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42
Q

behavior therapy assumed problem is

A

maladaptive behaviors

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43
Q

cognitive therapy assumed problem is

A

negative, self-defeating thinking

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44
Q

family therapy assumed problem is

A

stressful relationships

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45
Q

psycho-dynamic therapy treats through

A

analysis/interpretation

46
Q

client-centered therapy treats through

A

active listening/unconditional positive regard

47
Q

behavior therapy treats through

A
  • counterconditioning
  • aversive conditioning
  • desensitization
  • operant conditioning
  • exposure
48
Q

cognitive therapy treats through

A

reveal and reverse self-blame

49
Q

family

A
  • understanding family social system
  • exploring roles
  • improving communication
50
Q

client perceptions

A
  • enter therapy in crisis
  • clients may need to believe therapy was worth the effort
  • clients generally speak kindly to therapists
51
Q

regression toward the mean

A

tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back toward their average

52
Q

meta-analysis

A

procedure for statistically combining the result of varying research studies

53
Q

randomized clinical trials

A

researchers randomly assign people on a wait list to therapy or no therapy

54
Q

placebo effect

A

the power of belief in treatment

55
Q

unsupported therapies to avoid:

A
  • energy therapies
  • recovered-memory therapies
  • rebirthing therapies
  • facilitated communication
  • crisis debriefing
56
Q

evidence-based practice

A

clinical decision making that integrates the best: - available research with

  • clinical expertise
  • patient characteristics/preferences
57
Q

EMDR

A

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

58
Q

SAD

A

seasonal affective disorder

59
Q

seasonal affective disorder is

A

the seasonal blahs of winter constitute a form of depression

60
Q

the three elements shared by all forms of psychotherapy are:

A
  • hope for demoralized people
  • a new perspective on oneself and the world
  • an empathic/trusting/caring relationship
61
Q

hope for demoralized people

A

any therapy offers the expectation that with commitment form therapy seeker things will and can get better

62
Q

a new perspective

A

offers a plausible explanation of symptoms and alternative way of looking at themselves/responding to the world

63
Q

empathic/caring/trusting relationship lead to an emotional bond and a

A

therapeutic alliance

64
Q

biomedical therapy

A

prescribed medications/medical procedures

65
Q

biomedical therapy works directly on patients

A

nervous system

66
Q

pscyopharmacology is the study of

A

effects of drugs on mind and behavior

67
Q

antipsychotic drugs are used to treat

A

schizophrenia and other thought disorders

68
Q

double-blind procedure

A

neither staff nor patients know which is the drug and which is the placebo

69
Q

long-term us of antipsychotic drugs may result in

A

tardive dyskinesia

70
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

involuntary movements of

  • facial muscles
  • tongue
  • limbs
71
Q

atypical antipsychotics target

A

both dopamine & serotonin receptors

72
Q

antipsychotic drugs target

A

dopamine

73
Q

antipsychotic drugs dampen responsiveness to

A

irrelevant stimuli

74
Q

antianxiety drugs are used to

A

control anxiety/agitiation

75
Q

antianxiety drugs depress

A

central nervous system activity

76
Q

antianxiety drugs are often used in cobination with

A

psychological therapy

77
Q

standard drug treatment of anxiety disorders is

A

antidepressants

78
Q

antidepressants increase availability of

A

norepinephrine/serotonin and neurotransmitters that elevate arousal

79
Q

Prozac/Zoloft/Paxil are called

A

selective- serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (they slow the synaptic vacuuming of serotonin)

80
Q

neruogenesis

A

the birth of new brain cells

81
Q

the simple salt lithium can be an effective mood stabilizer for those suffering from

A

bipolar disorder

82
Q

depakote has been effective in treating

A

epilepsy and episodes associated with bipolar disorder

83
Q

ECT

A

Electroconvulsive therapy

84
Q

electroconvulsive therapy is a

A

biomedical therapy

85
Q

electroconvulsive therapy is used for

A

severely depressed patients

86
Q

ECT causes a brief

A

electric current to be sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

87
Q

the effects of psychosurgery are

A

irreversible

88
Q

psychosurgery

A

removes or destroys brain tissue

89
Q

lobotomy procedures were used to

A

calm uncontrollably emotional/violent patients

90
Q

lobotomy procedure cut

A

nerves connecting the frontal lobe to the emotion controlling centers of the inner brain

91
Q

lobotomys often resulted in a

A

permanently lethargic, immature, uncreative person

92
Q

rTMS

A

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

93
Q

rTMS

A

application or repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain

94
Q

rTMS is used to

A

stimulate/suppress brain activity

95
Q

biomedical therapies assume

A

mind and body are a unit

96
Q

human beings are

A

an integrated bipolarpsychosocial system

97
Q

reilence

A

the personal strength that helps individuals cope with stress and recover from adversity/trauma

98
Q

psychiatrists are

A

physicians who may prescribe medications

99
Q

psychiatrists often work in

A

private practice

100
Q

clinical psychologists have their

A

PHD

101
Q

some clinical psychologists work in

A

institutions/agenecies though others work in private practice

102
Q

counselors specialize

A

in abuse/relationships

103
Q

clinical/psychiatric social workers offer

A

psychotherapy toindiviudals with everyday personal/family problems

104
Q

Irving Kirsch suggested antidepressants should only be prescribed to

A

severely depressed individuals

105
Q

the results of psychotherapy are

A

irreversible

106
Q

serial-position effect

A

our tendency to recall best the first and last items in a list

107
Q

functional fixedness

A

tendency to think of things only in functions

108
Q

operational definition

A

a statement of procedures used to define research variables

109
Q

double-blind research

A

where both research participants and staff are ignorant about whether research participants have received a treatment or a placebo

110
Q

operant conditioning

A

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

111
Q

myelin sheath

A

a layer of fatty tissues that encases fibers and neurons in the brain.

112
Q

overjustification

A

when external rewards diminish intrinsic motivations

AP Psychology (13 decks)

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