History Plan facts, UCAS Flashcards
How long could children work prior to the factory acts?
14 hour days, 6 days a week
What were the death rates for children?
3/20 died in their first year of life
57% of those born to working class parents died before the age of 5
What did the Factory Act 1833 do?
No child 9-12 to work more than 9 hours/day
Compulsory 2 hours education for under 13’s
4 inspectors for 4000 mills
What did the Mines Act 1842 do?
Banned employment of women and under 10’s in mines
What did the 1844 Factory Act do?
More inspectors to prohibity unsafe work for children
13-18 and women to work maximum 12 hrs
Night work for women forbidden
What did the 1847 Factory Act do?
10 hrs working day for all women and children (many factories reduced men’s hrs too)
Some owners used relays (shifts) to maintain 12 hrs. 1850 relays made illegal.
What were Short Time Committees?
Founded by textile workers in Huddersfield and Leeds in support of MP Hobhouse’s bill and shorter hours
Continues to exist until 1847 factory act
What did Hobhouse want to do?
In 1831, he wanted a maximum of 66 hrs for those aged 9-18, to be passed with “Hobhouse’s bill”
What was the Ten Hour Movement?
Championed by manufacturers in Lancashire and Yorkshire, led by MPs like Michael Sadler. Aimed to reduce working day for those under 16.
Who was and what did John Fielden do for the Ten Hours movement?
A manufacturer and radical MP, he was instrumental in this movement towards bringing about the 1847 Factory Act, also known as the ‘10 Hour Act’.
Who wrote “Michael Armstrong: Factory Boy”
Female author Francis Trollope, based on research in Manchester.
The message of the novel was that individual philanthropy was inadequate, needed reform.
What did Edwin Chadwick do for the Factory Acts?
Worked as part of the ‘royal comission on factories’. Gathered evidence via camera.
Wrote up a report calling for an 8 hrs day for under 13’s, and 3 hrs education. The inquiry helped pass the factory act.
What did Lord Ashley do?
An MP, Ashley Introduced the “Ten Hours Act 1833”, later reformed into the Factory Act.
In 1842, he’d write twice to PM Peel to urge govt support for a new Factory Act. Failed in 1843, succeeded in 1844. Did this all on MORAL grounds.
What did Charles Dickens do?
Wrote books on the plight of the parking class, such as “Oliver Twist” with the Workhouses, which may have influenced voters and parliament.
What was the Andover Scandal? (1846)
The Andover workhouse fed paupers so little they are the raw marrow of the bones they crushed.
Popularised by Times editor John Delaine, may have Influenced Parliament, leading to 1847 reform in which Workhouses were more centrally planned to avoid abuses of power.
