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BOARD REVIEW > PEDIATRICS > Flashcards

PEDIATRICS Flashcards

1
Q

Bilous vomiting in neonate, commonly associated with Down’s syndrome

A

Duodenal Atresia

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2
Q

Nonbilous vomiting in neonate, presents with olive-shaped mass, high risk in patients with Turner’s syndrome and Trisomy 18

A

Pyloric Stenosis

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3
Q

Rule of 2’s: Meckel’s Diverticulum

A

2% of normal population
2 feet from ileocecal valve
2 inches long
2x more common in males

often symptomatic by age 2
2 complications: bleeding, perforation
2 types of tissue: pancreas and gastric
2 presentation: GI bleed and diverticulitis

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4
Q

Most common cause of lower GI bleeding in children

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

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5
Q

Antibiotic that can cause Pyloric stenosis

A

Erythromycin

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6
Q

Mutation that causes failure of ganglion cells to migrate to wall of colon in Hirschsprung disease

A

Tyrosine Kinase receptor (RET gene)

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7
Q

Causative agent of Slapped cheek appearance in Erythema infectiosum/ fifth disease

A

Parvovirus b19

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8
Q

Live attenuated vaccines (6)

A

BCG
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Rotavirus

(BCG + MMRV + Rota)

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9
Q

Immunity induced through administration of antibody-containing preparation

Achieved by administration of PREFORMED ANTIBODIES

A

Passive immunity

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10
Q

Administration of a vaccine or toxoid to stimulate the immune system to produce a prolonged humoral and/or cellular immune response

A

Active immunity

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11
Q

4 m/o
No BCG vaccine yet
+ exposure to TB patient

What will you do?

A

Do PPD testing prior to giving BCG

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12
Q

Most common cardiac manifestation of maternal rubella syndrome

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

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13
Q

Machinery like murmur

A

PDA

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14
Q

Pharmacologic closure of PDA

A

Prostaglandin Synthase Inhibitor
Indomethacin

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15
Q

Most common cyanotic congenital anomaly

A

Tetralogy of fallot (TOF)

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16
Q

Four cardinal features of TOF

A

P-ulmonary infundibular stenosis
R-VH
O-verriding of aorta
V-SD

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17
Q

Cyanosis
Dyspnea on exertion
Paroxysmal hypercyanotic attacks (Tet spells)

Dx?

A

Tetralogy of fallot

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18
Q

Blue baby

A

TOF

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19
Q

Boot shaped heart
Couer en sabot

Caused by?

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

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20
Q

Management of Tet spells

A

-Squatting or knee chest position
-Administer oxygen
-Beta adrenergic blockade - Propanolol

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21
Q

Palliative surgery done in Tetralogy of fallot

A

Blalock-Taussig shunt
Most common aorticopulmonary anastomosis

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22
Q

Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
Infantile polyarthritis nodosa

A

Kawasaki disease

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23
Q

Vasculitis with a predilection for the coronary arteries

A

Kawasaki disease

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24
Q
  • High fever for 5 days which is unresponsive to antibiotics
  • Bilateral nonexudative conjunctival injection with limbal sparring
    -Strawberry tongue and red cracked lips
    Edema and erythema of hands and feet
A

Kawasaki disease

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25
Q

Cardiac involvement in kawasaki disease

A

Myocarditis
Coronary aortic aneurysm

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26
Q

Tx of kawasaki disease

A

2g/kg IVIG and high dose Aspirin within 10 days of disease onset

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27
Q

Earliest sign of puberty in girl

A

Thelarche (breast bud)

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28
Q

Measurement of physical growth (wt and height) and body composition (mid up arm, waist and hip circumference)

A

Anthropometry

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29
Q

Assesses prevalence of Vit A def l, Iron def anemia and other nutrient deficiencies

A

Biochemical

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30
Q

Food fortification act

A

Vit A
Iodine
Iron (Fe)

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31
Q

STGs directly related to health

A

2 - zero hunger
3 - good health and wellbeing
6 - clean water and sanitation

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32
Q

Vulnerable group

A

Under five clinics
Pregnant and lactating
Elderly

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33
Q

Exclusively breastfed children prone to IDA

A

Breastmilk deficient in iron

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34
Q

DOH program suggest composition of Filipino meal

A

Pinggang pinoy

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35
Q

Leading cause of death in the philippines

A

Cardiovascular disease

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36
Q

When does Ductus arteriosus close?

A
  1. Physiologic - 14-15hrs after birth
  2. Anatomic - after 2-3 weeks after birth
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37
Q

Primary closure of patient with gastrochisis

A

Intragastric pressure <20cm H2O and CVP does not increase by 4mmHg or more as the abdominal viscera are replaced into the abdominal cavity

38
Q

Triad of
Respiratory distress
Cyanosis
Apparent dextrocardia

A

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

39
Q

Primary prognostic variable of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

Degree of associated pulmonary hypoplasia

40
Q

Bowel segments typically involved in intestinal atresia

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Terminal Ileum
Anus

41
Q

Etiology: intrauterine mesenteric ischemia
Presentation: bilious emesis

A

Jejunal-ileal atresia

42
Q

Nonbilious projectile vomiting
Defect occurs in 1/3000 births and is most common in 1st born males
Olive may be palpable in epigastrum on PE

A

Pyloric stenosis

43
Q

Noninvasive diagnostic test of pyloric stenosis

A

Ultrasound

44
Q

Leading cause of death in childhood

A

Trauma

45
Q

MC type of choledochal cyst

A

Type 1 - involves CBD only
Tx- hepaticojejunostomy

46
Q

Problems of children with Tracheoesophageal Fistula repair may be encountered

A

Have reactive airway disease or other lung disease suggestive of chronic aspiration
Esophageal stenosis may require dilatation and bougienage

47
Q

Preferred maintenance fluid of children older than 6mon of age

A

5%dextrose in 0.45% saline

48
Q

Preferred maintenance fluid of children younger than 6mon of age

A

5% dextrose in 0.2% saline

49
Q

Most prevalent in infants.
Subacute in onset
Lower temperature
Lower WBC count

A

Croup

50
Q

More prevalent in toddlers and preschoolers
High fever
Toxic appearance
Brief course before onset of respiratory distress

A

Epiglottitis

51
Q

Cyst like structure in neck of infant. Midline. Moves with swallowing

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst
- derived from foramen cecum and can have abberant thyroid tissue with malignant transformation potential
Tx: excision of thyroglossal duct cyst with hyoid bone

52
Q

Tumor of childhood MC malignancy in child with VMA and N-myc

A

Neuroblastoma

53
Q

Most common solid malignancy of childhood

Hypertension is present in 25%

Tumor markers: catecholamines / metenephrines

Tumors occur anywhere along the sympathetic chain/nerve distribution

A

Neuroblastoma

54
Q

MC organism encountered in cervical lymphadenitis

A

Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus

55
Q

Intermittent crampy abdominal pain with severe bouts of colic
Mucous and bloody stool
Clinical bowel obstruction w bilious vomiting and poor PO tolerance
Dilated small bowel and air fluid levels on KUB
Involution of distal ileum into R colon is the most frequent site w TARGET SIGN

A

Intussusception

56
Q

MC type of TEF

A

Blind ending proximal esophageal pouch w fistula from lower esophagus to the trachea (85%)

Inability to pass NGT
Cough with feeds

Tx: R anterolateral thoracotomy

57
Q

Normal urine output of newborn babies

A

1-2 cc/kg/hr

58
Q

Fundamental steps required in Ladd procedure for malrotation

A

Detorsion of volvulus,
Division of Ladd’s bands overlying duodenum
Mobilization and straightening of duodenum
Appendectomy

59
Q

MC brachial cleft anomaly

A

2nd brachial cleft sinus

60
Q

MC location of diaphragmatic hernia

A

80% Left PosteroLateral chest through foramen of Bochdalek

61
Q

Associated anomalies should be excluded in eval of neonate with esophageal atresia

A

Those of VATER or VACTERRL syndrome (Vertebral, Anorectal, Cardiac, Tracheoesophageal, Radial, Renal, Limb)

62
Q

Geneteic abnormality with Duodenal atresia

A

Trisomy 21 (Down’s syndrome)

Polyhydramnios

—-DOUBLE BUBBLE
Etiology: mucosal web 2ndary to failure of bowel recanalization

63
Q

Tx for Duodenal atresia

A

Duodenoduodenostomy

64
Q

MC cause of colonic obstruction in infants

A

Hirschprung’s disease

Male
Presentation: failure to pass meconium

65
Q

Gold standard dx of Hirschsprung in newborn

A

Absent Meissner and Auerbach plexus on rectal biopsy
Aganglianosis
Hypertrophic nerves
Increased cholinesterase staining

66
Q

MC cause of infantile GI perforation

A

Midgut volvulus w intestinal ischemia, vasopressor medications and indomethacin

67
Q

Most common malignant childhood malignancy

A

Leukemia

68
Q

MC hepatic malignancy in a child <4yo

A

Hepatoblastoma

69
Q

MC hepatic malignancy in a child >4yo

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

70
Q

MC soft tissue tumor of childhood

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Tx: sx excision

71
Q

Embryonic remanant that causes Meckel’s diverticulum

A

OMPHALOMESENTERIC DUCT

72
Q

Tx for imperforate anus

A

Below levators- anoplasty
Above - temp colostomy, vagina/bladder repair PRN, delayed coloanal repair

73
Q

MC cause of rectal bleeding in children >1yo

A

Juvenile polyps

74
Q

MC location of gonadal germ cell tumot in childhood

A

Ovary

75
Q

MC location of extragonadal germ cell tumor in childhood

A

Sacrococcygeal region

76
Q

Pt with bilious emesis

A

Malrotation of midgut

77
Q

Large painless abdominal mass (MC presentation)
Mets in the lungs

A

Wilm’s tumor (nephroblastoma)

78
Q

MC leading to liver transplantation in pedia population

A

Biliary atresia

79
Q

MC intraabdominal tumor diagnosed during childhood

A

Wilm’s tumor

80
Q

MC indication for cholecystectomy in pedia age group

A

Cholelithiasis 2ndary to sickle cell disease

81
Q

MC indication of splenectomy

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

82
Q

Tx of choice in biliary atresia

A

Hepatoportoenterostomy
(Kasai procedure)

83
Q

4mon old
Barking cough
Inspiratory stridor for 2 months
Bright red lesion on back that has been gradually enlarging
Asymmetric narrowing of subglottic region

A

Subglottic hemangioma

84
Q

Large port wine stain in forehead and maxilla

A

Sturge- Weber syndrome
- capillary malformation involving V1 and V2
- vascular malformation involving brain — seizures and cognitive impairment

85
Q

8yo boy
Draining ear filled w friable tissue
Punched-out lytic lesion of temporal bone
Lipid laden histiocytes
Dx?

A

Histiocytosis X

86
Q

Posterior compression of esophagus demonstrated on barium esophagogram most likely caused by

A

Aberrant subclavian artery

87
Q

Coagulative necrosis
Protect deeper tissues

A

Acid burn

88
Q

Liquefactive necrosis
More extensive burns

A

Alkaline burn

89
Q

Tx for caustic injury to the entire esophagus with full thickness mescoris

A

Esopahgectomy with colon interposition replacement

90
Q

Medical therapy may be beneficial for patients with corrosive burns of esophagus

A

Antibiotic hasten epithelialization
Corticosteroids decrease stricture formation

91
Q

3yo constant purulent nasal drainage
Recurrent pneumonia
Dextrocardia on chest xray

A

Kartagene’s syndrome

BOARD REVIEW (19 decks)

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