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BOARD REVIEW > PREVENTIVE MEDICINE > Flashcards

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Flashcards

1
Q

Hallmark feature of ANALYTIC epidemiologic study

A

Use of an appropriate COMPARISON group

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2
Q

A Case definition

A

Has clinical CRITERIA
TIME, PLACE and PERSON

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3
Q

A SPECIFIC case definition

A

Likely to include only (or mostly) TRUE CASES
May exclude mild cases

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4
Q

Descriptive epidemiology – “Distribution”

A

Who, when & where

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5
Q

Analytic epidemiology – “Determinants”

A

Causes (agents)
Risk factor (exposure to source)
Mode of transmission

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6
Q

Public health surveillance

A

Collection
Analysis
Dissemination

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7
Q

A study that assesses exposure and follows to document subsequent occurence of disease

A

Observational cohort study

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8
Q

Subjects are enrolled on basis of HAVING OR NOT HAVING a health outcome

A

Observational Case-control

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9
Q

Cohort vs case-control

A

Cohort - subjects categorized according to EXPOSURE

Case-control - subjects categorized whether they HAVE THE DISEASE OR NOT

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10
Q

“Snapshot of health”
Provides info on PREVALENCE rather than incidence
More useful in descriptive epidemiology than analytic epidemiology
Synonymous w/ SURVEY

A

Cross-sectional study

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11
Q

Epidemiologic Triad of disease

A

Agent
Host
Environment

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12
Q

A propagated epidemic is usually the result of what kind of exposure

A

Person-to-person

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13
Q

Sex

A

Nominal
QUALITATIVE
Categorical

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14
Q

Age

A

Ratio
QUANTITATIVE
Continuous

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15
Q

Lymphocyte count

A

Ratio
QUANTITATIVE
Continuous

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16
Q

Measure of CENTRAL LOCATION

A

Mean
Median
Mode

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17
Q

Measure of SPREAD

A

Standard Deviation

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18
Q

“Skewed”

A

Tail of distribution

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19
Q

Value that is statistically closest to all of the values in the distribution

A

Mean

20
Q

Value that has half of the observations below and half above it

A

Median

21
Q

Value that occurs most often

A

Mode

22
Q

Value that is statistically closest to all the values in the distribution on a log scale

A

Geometric mean

23
Q

Halfway between the smallest and largest value

A

Midrange

24
Q

Measure of central location for SUMMARIZING SKEWED DATA

A

Median

25
Q

Measure of central location for ADDITIONAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

A

Mean

26
Q

Measure of SPREAD

A

Standard deviation
Range
Interquartile Range
Variance

27
Q

Identifies a particular place on a distribution but not spread

A

Percentile

28
Q

Measure of spread MOST AFFECTED BY ONE EXTREME VALUE

A

Range

29
Q

Interquartile range covers the central _ % of a distribution

A

50%

30
Q

Measure of central location most commonly used in interquartile range is the

A

Median

Interquartile range covers 25% to 75% while median marks 50%

31
Q

Measure of central location most commonly used with standard deviation

A

Arithmetic mean

32
Q

Algebraic relationship between the variance and standard deviation is the

A

Standard deviation is the SQUARE ROOT OF VARIANCE

33
Q

Primary use of standard error of the mean is in calculating the

A

Confidence interval

34
Q

Birth rate
Incidence
Mortality rate
Prevalence

A

Frequency measures

35
Q

All proportions are ratios, but not all ratios are proportions
T/F

A

True

36
Q

Table with labels and titles but no data

A

Table shell

37
Q

Semilogarithmic-scale line graph

A

Wide range of values can be plotted and seen clearly, regardless of magnitude

Y-axis tick labels could be 0.1, 1, 10, and 100

38
Q

Arithmetic-scale line graph

A

A constant rate of change would be presented by a curved line

39
Q

Used for Categorical variables (sex or geographic region) on x-axis

A

Bar chart

40
Q

Display continuous data (time)
Epidemic curve

A

Histogram

41
Q

Shape of population pyramid most consistent with young population

A

Triangle with base down

42
Q

Bar chart with shaded subgroups

A

Stacked bar chart

43
Q

Represents a frequency distribution, with area under the curve proportionate to frequency
Must be closed (plotted line must touch x-axis)
Can display frequency distribution of a given period of time

A

Frequency polygon

44
Q

This includes data collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination to help guide health officials and programs in directing and conducting disease control and prevention activities

A

Public health surveillance

45
Q

Targets of current public health surveillance

A

Chronic disease
Communicable disease
Health-related behaviors
Occupational hazards
Presence of viruses in mosquitoes

46
Q

Vital statistics are important source of data on?

A

Mortality
Date of birth
Death
Marriage
Divirce

BOARD REVIEW (19 decks)

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