117 Chemical, Biological and Radiological Warfare Fundamentals Flashcards
(24 cards)
Explain Chemical Warfare
Intentional use of lethal/nonlethal chemical agents to produce casualties; harass or temporarily incapacitate and demoralize personnel or destroy areas, equipment and supplies.
Explain Biological Warfare
Living organmisms to incapacitate/kill people or domestic animals, to damage crops and deteriorate their supplies. “Germ warfare”.
Explain Radiological Warfare
Deny access to or render areas unsafe through radiation contamination, cause casualties or long-term illness (e.g., cancer, radiation sickness), and create psychological effects and disruption of operations.
Describe the purpose of the M50 Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM)
To protect the wearer’s face, eyes, and respiratory system from chemical warfare agents, biological threats, radiological particulates, and toxic industrial chemicals.
Describe the purpose of the Chemical Protective Over Garment
The JSLIST (Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology) is a chemical protective overgarment designed to protect military personnel from chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) threats in a contaminated environment.
Describe the purpose of the Atropine/2 Pam Chloride (Oxime) Auto-Injector
Attempts to neutralize the effects of nerve gas. Does NOT automatically inject. You need to inject it into your thigh. The needle comes out and jabs you when you slam the pen into your muscle.
Describe the purpose of the IM-143 Pocket Dosimeter
About the size of a pen. They measure how much radiation has been received in certain areas, capable of reading up to 600 rads.
List the 4 types of chemical casualty agents and their physical symptoms
- Nerve Agents (e.g., Sarin, VX)
Symptoms: Pinpoint pupils, runny nose, muscle twitching, seizures, respiratory failure - Blister Agents (e.g., Mustard Gas)
Symptoms: Skin and eye burns/blisters, coughing, eye irritation, delayed tissue damage - Choking Agents (e.g., Chlorine, Phosgene)
Symptoms: Coughing, choking, chest tightness, fluid in lungs, difficulty breathing - Blood Agents (e.g., Hydrogen Cyanide)
Symptoms: Cherry-red skin, dizziness, nausea, convulsions, rapid unconsciousness
Describe a High Altitude Air Burst
Altitude explosion above 100,000 feet. Disturbs ionosphere and disrupts radio waves. Essentially creates a humongous EMP wave that would knock out electronics over a huge area
Describe an Air Burst
Fireball doesn’t touch Earth’s surface. Air rushing to re-balance pressure creates a mushroom cloud and distributes radiation fallout.
Describe a Surface Burst
Worst fallout. Fireball touches ground, debris gets sucked up and returns as radiation fallout.
Describe a Shallow Underwater Burst
Small fireball, explosion creates giant bubble that shoots a collumn of hot water into sky and expels gas and debris, causes large waves.
Describe a Deep Underwater Burst
Larger than shallow burst, contaminants move much more quickly, same effects as shallow underwater burst but less visual effects.
Describe the effect of Blast in a nuclear explosion
Primary and secondary injuries, primarily by blast (direct force on body-more casualties) , secondary by debris (collapsing buildings)
Describe the effect of Flash Burns/Blindness in a nuclear explosion
Primary-heat from the bomb. Secondary-fires caused by the bomb
Describe the effect of Radiation in a nuclear explosion
Intense burst of gamma rays and neutrons within seconds—causes burns, radiation sickness, or death.
Describe the effect of EMP in a nuclear explosion
Electro-Magnetic Pulse-Destroys electronics by super-oversurging them with electricity
Describe the effect of Blackout in a nuclear explosion
Loss of lights or electrical power in general during a nuclear attack
Define MOPP
Mission-Oriented Protective Posture- amount of protective CBR gear to wear or have readily available.
What is MOPP Level 1?
Gas masks issue and kept at battle stations. Inventory conducted on chem./ biological defense equip. and supplies.
What is MOPP Level 2?
Gas masks are carried by personnel
What is MOPP Level 3?
Wear protective equip. (smock with hood down, pants, over boots) stow decontam. kits in mask carrier, stow chem. gloves and medical supplies in jumper pocket. Go to gen. quarters, mat. condition Zebra. Fill canteens, active decontam. stations, post detection and monitoring teams.
What is MOPP Level 4?
Don gas mask, secure hood over head and mask. Don gloves. Condition Circle William is set (security of air vents) Activate Countermeasure Washdown System continuously
What is material condition ZEBRA?
Movement around the ship is very restricted. Set during air ops, general quarters, during VERTREP, etc. Makes sure personnel are within easy reach in case of emergency, especially a fire or crash
