11.9 flight controls

Question 1

define a primary flight control

Answer 1

flight controls that provide movement around the 3 axis

Question 2

what are the primary flight controls

Answer 2

ailerons, elevators, rudder

Question 3

for steady flight what state must an aircraft be in

Answer 3

state of balance

Question 4

what do the ailerons control and along what axis

Answer 4

roll around the longitudinal axis

Question 5

where are the ailerons located

Answer 5

outboard trailing edge, sometimes inboard

Question 6

what movement do elevators control and around what axis

Answer 6

pitch, around the lateral axis

Question 7

what movement do rudders control and around what axis

Answer 7

yaw, around the vertical axis

Question 7

what is static balancing

Answer 7

object remains stationary when supported by the centre of gravity

Question 8

what 2 ways can surface be out of static balance

Answer 8

underbalance, overbalance

Question 9

does static balancing add weight behind or in front the hinge line

Answer 9

behind

Question 10

what is dynamic balancing

Answer 10

all rotating forces are balanced

Question 11

what do you need to do if you carry out repair on flight control surfaces

Answer 11

re-balance them

Question 12

what are the 3 most common rebalancing methods

Answer 12

calculation method, scale method, balance beam method

Question 13

what is the main advantage of calculation balancing

Answer 13

you dont have to remove the control surface from the aircraft

Question 14

what is used in the balance beam method

Answer 14

specially fabricated tool

Question 15

what materials are usually used to balance control surfaces

Answer 15

lead or steel

Question 16

what do some larger aircraft use to balance control surfaces

Answer 16

depleted uranium

Question 17

what does aircraft rigging do

Answer 17

adjusts the travel of flight controls

Question 18

how do you adjust flight control travel

Answer 18

adjusting cables and electronic controls

Question 19

whats the use of a rig pin

Answer 19

used to check correct positions

Question 20

what position do rigging pins set flight controls in

Answer 20

neutral

Question 21

whats the function of the stick shaker

Answer 21

warning of stall

Question 22

what is pitch attitude

Answer 22

angle between the longitudinal axis and the horizon

Question 23

what is AOA

Answer 23

angle of attack

Question 24

define angle of attack

Answer 24

angle between oncoming air or relative wind and aircraft wing

Question 25

if the angle of attack get too high what happens to the airflow over the wing

Answer 25

separates from the wing

Question 26

what angle of attack gives maximum lift

Answer 26

14 degrees

Question 27

what are the 5 common types of trim system

Answer 27

trim tabs, servo tabs, balance tabs, spring tabs, anti balance/servo

Question 28

whats the only flight trim tab that goes the same direction as the flight control

Answer 28

anti balance/servo

Question 29

whats yaw trim controlled by

Answer 29

rotary knob

Question 30

whats ALA

Answer 30

active load alleviation

Question 31

what load control techniques are used to reduce loads in manoeuvring

Answer 31

manoeuvre load control, gust load alleviation

Question 32

employing EMC and GLA can result in what

Answer 32

weight saving and the same weight for larger wwingspan

Question 33

whats the strategy behind manoeuvre load control

Answer 33

use the wings control surfaces to move the centre of lift inboard

Question 34

whats the strategy behind gust load alleviation

Answer 34

fly by wire aircraft deflect surfaces to battle gust loads

Question 35

what is the function of trailing edge flaps

Answer 35

increase camber of the wing and increase lift and slow speed control

Question 36

what are the 5 kinds of trailing edge flaps

Answer 36

plain, split, slotted, fowler, fowler slotted

Question 37

whats the most simple form of trailing edge flap

Answer 37

plain flap

Question 38

whats the most common trailing edge flap in use today

Answer 38

slotted flaps

Question 39

what type of flap do most large aircraft also have

Answer 39

leading edge flaps

Question 40

when are ground spoilers used

Answer 40

on ground

Question 41

when are flight/roll spoilers used

Answer 41

in flight

Question 42

when are speed brakes used

Answer 42

in flight

Question 43

what are control cable sizes and typically made from

Answer 43

7x7 and 7x19 made from flexible steel

Question 44

what are used to guide control cables along their length

Answer 44

fairleads

Question 45

what could incorrect tension on control cables cause

Answer 45

loss of control on flight surfaces

Question 46

whats used to measure flight cable tension

Answer 46

tensiometer

Question 47

why do some aircraft use tension regulators

Answer 47

because of change in temperature and condition

Question 48

when is the only time cables have strength

Answer 48

under tension

Question 49

when is the time push/pull rods have strength

Answer 49

always

Question 50

whats a disadvantage of push pull rods

Answer 50

cant go around corners and are heavier

Question 51

whats used on push pull rods to check the thread engagement

Answer 51

witness holes

Question 52

what do bell cranks do

Answer 52

change direction of movement

Question 53

whats installed when a angular or twisting motion is needed

Answer 53

torque tubes

Question 54

when are screwjacks used

Answer 54

on flight surfaces that undergo alot of aerodynamic loads

Question 55

what are PCUs

Answer 55

power control units

Question 56

what is the servo control unit divided into

Answer 56

power section, distribution section

Question 57

what are the 2 main operating modes of the servo control unit

Answer 57

control/active mode, damping mode

Question 58

in power assisted control, what assists the pilot in moving flight control surfaces

Answer 58

hydraulics

Question 59

in the servo control unit what is always proportional to the follow up movement

Answer 59

input movement

Question 60

in a fully powered control explain the movement the pilot makes and the flight control feedback

Answer 60

the pilot feels no feedback from the flight control as they are not connected

Question 61

when are pneumatic systems used for flight control movement

Answer 61

usually back up systems

Question 62

during operation below cruise speed what mode is the PCU in

Answer 62

normal mode

Question 63

what are the 3 modes of the PCU

Answer 63

normal, blocking/damped, bypass

Question 64

what PCU

Answer 64

power control unit

Question 65

what is FBW

Answer 65

fly by wire

Question 66

how is fly by wire stability achieved

Answer 66

three gyroscopes

Question 67

what is BITE

Answer 67

built in test equipment

Question 68

what are the 2 laws associated with fly by wire

Answer 68

normal law, alternate law

Question 69

when does mach tuck happen

Answer 69

when an aircraft transitions through the transonic region

Question 70

aircraft using mechanical flight controls will lock then on the ground, how

Answer 70

using gust locks