Week 6

Question 1

__________ are catalysts involved in biochemical reactions.

Answer 1

Enzymes.

Question 2

Enzymes are usually __________ proteins.

Answer 2

Globular.

Question 3

__________ is a molecule or molecules that acts as the reactant in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction.

Answer 3

Substrate.

Question 4

_____________ is the location where the enzyme binds to the substrate and catalysis occurs.

Answer 4

Active site.

Question 5

__________ model is when the active site is already in a configuration that can only fit 1 shape of substrate.

Answer 5

Lock and key.

Question 6

_____________ catalyze reaction involving the gain or loss of electrons.

Answer 6

Oxidoreductases.

Question 7

_____________ transfer on functional group to another.

Answer 7

Transferases.

Question 8

____________ cleave a bond with water.

Answer 8

Hydrolases.

Question 9

______________ break double bond using some other means than oxidation or hydrolysis.

Answer 9

Lyases.

Question 10

___________ catalyze a rearrangement of the molecule.

Answer 10

Isomerases.

Question 11

__________ join two molecules.

Answer 11

Ligases.

Question 12

___________ is a type of transferase which specifically transfers a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule and thus also has hydrolase activity.

Answer 12

Kinase.

Question 13

An induced fit binding model requires what to be reorganized to fit what?

Answer 13

The enzyme is reorganized to fit the substrate.

Question 14

If there is enough substrate, the enzyme will reach full saturation this is called __________

Answer 14

Saturation Kinetic Curve.

Question 15

The _____________ is a double reciprocal of Michaelis-Menten equation and an easier method to interpret graphical data.

Answer 15

Lineweaver-Burke Plot

Question 16

The____________ is the number of reactions the enzyme can catalyze per unit of time. Also can be used to measure catalytic efficiency.

Answer 16

Turnover number.

Question 17

____________ is an occurrence when rate-limiting step becomes the diffusion of enzyme and substrate together.

Answer 17

Diffusion controlled limit.

Question 18

____________ prevent the generation of products.

Answer 18

Inhibitors

Question 19

_____________ Covalently modifies the active site of the enzyme, irreversibly blocking its function, directly poisons the enzyme.

Answer 19

Suicide inhibitors.

Question 20

_____________ competes directly with the substrate but can be overcome if the substrate concentration is high.

Answer 20

Competitive inhibition

Question 21

_____________ binds to the ES complex and decreases Vmax but increases KM.

Answer 21

Uncompetitive inhibition

Question 22

_______________ bind in the presence or absence of a substrate. Effective regardless of substrate concentration.

Answer 22

Mixed inhibition.

Question 23

On a Lineweaver-Burke plot, the intercepts can be used to obtain which information about the reaction?

Answer 23

Km and Vmax.

Question 24

In induced fit models, the enzymes bind substrates that favor the _______________.

Answer 24

Transition state.

Question 25

In _______________ catalysis amino acid side chains donate or accept protons.

Answer 25

General acid-base.

Question 26

In_____________ catalysis the active site metal can act as a redox active center.

Answer 26

Metal ion.

Question 27

In________________ catalysis nucleophilic or electrophilic attack on an atom results in a covalent intermediate.

Answer 27

Covalent

Question 28

______________ is an enzyme example of acid-base catalysis that is a natural antibiotic and the active site contains two negatively charged residues.

Answer 28

Lysozyme.

Question 29

___________ is an example of metal ion catalysis.

Answer 29

Anhydrase.

Question 30

____________ are enzymes that degrade proteins. Are important in protein maturation, blood clotting, and protein trafficking.

Answer 30

Proteases.

Question 31

_____________ is an example of covalent catalysis and cleaves dietary protein on the C-terminus of Try,Phe, and Trp.

Answer 31

Chymotrypsin.

Question 32

Cymotrypsin is a _____________ protease.

Answer 32

Serine.

Question 33

The inactive for of chymotrypsin is called_____________

Answer 33

Chymotrypsinogen

Question 34

What are the categories of proteases named after?

Answer 34

The catalyst responsible for generating the nucleophile