Module 1 (Chapter 1)

Question 1

Science

Answer 1

an approach to asking and answering questions: a process of inquiry

Question 2

Scientific Method

Answer 2

procedure for systematic oberservation, measurement and expirement

Question 3

Empirical Approach

Answer 3

evidence gained through structured experience and observation

Question 4

Critical Thinking

Answer 4

Not blindly accepting arguments and conclusions

Question 5

Structuralism

Answer 5

The study of the structure/characteristics of the mind (breaking down into basic components

Question 6

Introspection

Answer 6

Looking within

Question 7

Functionalism

Answer 7

Studying the function instead of the structure of conscious

Question 8

Psychoanalysis

Answer 8

Analysis of internal and primary unconscious psychological forces

Question 9

Gestalt psychology

Answer 9

School of thought - how the mind organizes elements of experience into a unified “whole”

Question 10

Behaviourism

Answer 10

School of thought that emphasizes environmental control over behaviour

Question 11

Operant Conditioning

Answer 11

(Skinner) Associated learning by reinforcement or punishment

Question 12

Classical Conditioning

Answer 12

(Pavlov/Watson) Type of unconscious or automatic learning

Question 13

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 13

A perspective emphaizes free will, personal growth, and attempts to find the meaning in one’s existence

Question 14

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 14

A perspective that examines the mind and how mental processes influences behaviour. Humans are information processors whose actions are governed by thought

Question 15

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 15

Examines brain activity while people are engage in cognitive task by use sophisticated electrical recording and brain imaging techniques

Question 16

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 16

seeks to explain how evolution shaped modern human behaviour

Question 17

Sociocultural Psychology

Answer 17

how social environment and cultural learning influence our behaviours, thoughts, and feelings

Question 18

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 18

A 3 level examination of behaviour and it’s causes
-Biological (Brain functioning, hormones, genes)
-Psychological (Thoughs, memory, planning)
-Environmental (stimuli in physical/socail environment)

Question 19

Clinical Psychology

Answer 19

The study and treatment of mental disorders

Question 20

Personality Psychology

Answer 20

Studies patterns of thoughs feelings and behaviours in individuals

Question 21

Developmental Psychology

Answer 21

Physical, psychological, and social development that occurs over our lifespan

Question 22

Forensic Pyschology

Answer 22

Psychological principles on legal issues (studying criminal behaviour, treatments, or working directly in court system)

Question 23

Health Psychology

Answer 23

understanding how psychological, sociological, biological, environmental elements effect our health and well-being

Question 24

Industrial Psychology

Answer 24

Psychological concepts and methods to optimize an individuals potential in the workplace

Question 25

Social Psychology

Answer 25

social behaviour and mentals process that show how people relate to each other

Question 26

School Psychology

Answer 26

combines principles from educational and clinical psychology to help students with learning disabilities

Question 27

Experimental Psychology

Answer 27

basic processes like learning, sensory systems, and perceptions

Question 28

Basic Research

Answer 28

Quest for knowledge for one’s own sake

Question 29

Nature-Nurture Issue

Answer 29

Does biological aspects (nature) or environment (nurture) affect our behaviour more?

Question 30

Applied Research

Answer 30

designed to solve specific practical problems

Question 31

Define Psychology

Answer 31

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behaviour

Question 32

Describe the importance of Wundt and James in the development of psychology

Answer 32

Willhelm Wundt - established the first psychological experimental psychology laboratory at Uni of Leipzig in Germany
William James - a leader in the functionalist movement, and taught courses in physiology, psychology. Widen the scope for biological and mental processes

Question 33

Describe Freud’s Approach

Answer 33

The psychodyanmic perspective - the cause of behaviour within inner workings of our personality, emphasizing unconscious process - Freuds theory of psychoanalysis - analysis of internal and primarily unconscious psychological forces

Question 34

Describe basic tenet of Gestalt Psychology

Answer 34

A school of thought - the mind organizes elements of experience into a unified “whole” preception

Question 35

Describe the basic principle of Behaviourism

Answer 35

A school of though - emphasizes environmental control over behaviour through learning - emerged in 1913. John B. Watson. Psychology should be about observable matter
all behaviour is result of stimuli (classical conditioning, opperant conditioning)

Question 36

Describe the importance of cognitive revolution

Answer 36

bridged the gap between physical world and world of ideas, concepts, meanings, and intentions

Question 37

Describe the basic principles of modern psychology

Answer 37

Psychology is empirical
multiple perspectives
limited values of dichotomies
Active perceivers
inevitability of trade-offs

Question 38

Describe the biopyschosocial approach

Answer 38

This approach combines 3 levels of analysis, biological, psychological, and environmental/socio-cultural. This over more complete view

Question 39

Describe and define the psychology’s main subfields

Answer 39

Clinical - study and treatment of mental disorders
Cognitive - study of mental processes especially from a model that views mind as processor
Developmental