Quiz 7

Question 1

Exposure to negative experiences such as physical or sexual abuse during a person’s early or middle childhood years causes the development of __________________, according to the ____________________.

Answer 1

Dissociative Identity Disorder; Trauma-Dissociation Theory

Question 2

Which of the following best demonstrates how observational learning may account for the creation of an anxiety disorder?
-A person with a genetic predisposition develops a phobia of natural weather phenomenon after seeing graphic pictures of people traumatized by a tornado.
-A person with panic disorder misinterprets her increased heart rate as a signal that she is about to have a heart attack.
-A phobic’s fear of dogs is maintained because he avoids dogs.
-A person has a bad fall from a tree as a child and learns to associate the fear evoked from this incident with all heights.

Answer 2

A Person with a genetic predisposition develops a phobia of natural weather phenomenon after seeing graphic pictures of people traumatized by a tornado

Question 3

In the 5 th century B.C., Hippocrates suggested ________________, which was proven in the 1800s when the cause of general paresis was discovered.

Answer 3

A mental disorder could be caused by a physical dysfunction

Question 4

The discovery of the cause of general paresis was important because it was the first time ________.

Answer 4

a psychological disorder was shown to be caused by a physical disorder

Question 5

A student has anxiety for no specific reason. The student’s long-lasting anxiety goes on for months, and the student is always on edge; the student feels something awful is about to happen. The student suffers from ____.

Answer 5

General Anxiety Disorder

Question 6

The cognitive component of anxiety includes ________.

Answer 6

The sense of an inability to cope

Question 7

The following are all examples of major diagnostic categories of DSM-5 except ________.
phobias
schizophrenic and other psychotic disorders
anxiety disorders
mood disorders

Answer 7

Phobias

Question 8

In the 1800s it was discovered that general paresis was caused by ________.

Answer 8

Syphilis

Question 9

Many people with schizophrenia report that they feel overwhelmed by both internal and external stimuli. This symptom pattern implies that the ___________ may be related to this disorder and in fact, schizophrenia researchers have observed abnormalities in this brain area.

Answer 9

Thalamus

Question 10

Which of the following is most relevant to illustrating that personal and situational factors can interact with one another?
-The example of general paresis
-The vulnerability-stress model
-The learned helplessness theory
-The trauma-dissociation theory

Answer 10

The vulnerability-stress model

Question 11

A student has periods of severe depression that alternate with periods of high excitement and an elated mood. The student has __________.

Answer 11

Bipolar Disorder

Question 12

According to the vulnerability-stress model, people with higher vulnerability levels ________.

Answer 12

Are more likely to develop disorders

Question 13

Research has indicated that schizophrenics who display primarily positive symptoms show a history of _________ functioning prior to hospitalization and show a ____________ prognosis for eventual recovery than individuals with predominantly negative symptoms.

Answer 13

better; better

Question 14

We label behaviour that is personally distressing, personally dysfunctional, and/or so culturally deviant that other people judge it to be inappropriate or maladaptive as __________.

Answer 14

Abnormal

Question 15

A student is extremely anxious in public and open places. Each time the student is asked by friends to accompany them to a park, or a shopping mall, the student breaks into a sweat, and makes excuses to not go with them. The student likely has ____.

Answer 15

Agoraphobia

Question 16

A student hit their father’s car with a baseball bat, but says that they cannot remember anything about the crime. At the time of the hearing, the student was fully aware of what was going on in the courtroom and was able to understand the legal proceedings. The student is likely to be judged _______; her _______ is still questionable.

Answer 16

Competent; sanity

Question 17

A student with schizophrenia regularly experiences false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality. The student’s experiences are known as __________.

Answer 17

Hallucinations

Question 18

When considering the concept of insanity, it is important to remember that ________.

Answer 18

it is a legal term, not psychological term

Question 19

One of the significant criticisms of the DSM-IV-TR is that the criteria are so detailed and specific that many people, as many as ______ percent, don’t fit neatly into the categories.

Answer 19

50%

Question 20

Representing individuals along basic personality or symptom dimensions is attractive to a growing number of experts on the DSM-V revision panels because they believe that such a system may better ________.

Answer 20

Represent the uniqueness of each individual

Question 21

What disorder does Jacob have when he shows extreme social discomfort and timidity, as well as feelings of inadequacy?

Answer 21

Avoidant Personality Disorders

Question 22

All of the following are legitimate criticisms of dissociative identity disorder, EXCEPT that ________.
-the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder has increased dramatically in the last 40 years
-people role-playing different personalities often show all of the same dramatic physiological changes
-in many cultures, dissociative identity disorder is unknown and is not found
-the average number of personalities present in dissociative identity disorder has increased from three to 15

Answer 22

the average number of personalities present in dissociative identity disorder has increased from three to 15

Question 23

Current estimates on the prevalence of depression indicate that about ___________ percent of Canadians over the age of 18 will suffer from major depression in their lifetimes.

Answer 23

10%

Question 24

One in _____ North Americans will have a substance-abuse disorder during his or her lifetime.
-15
-10
-20
-4

Question 25

The cognitive researcher David Barlow speculates that panic attacks may be caused by _____________ misinterpretations of ______________ anxiety symptoms.

Answer 25

catastrophic; normal

Question 26

If your roommate acts in a way that is unusual (i.e., deviant) and interferes with her schoolwork (i.e., dysfunctional), what would you need to know before deciding whether the behaviour is abnormal?

Answer 26

Whether she finds the behavour distressing

Question 27

One of the detrimental effects of ______________ is that it can generate negative perceptions in both the person being diagnosed and in others who interact with the person.

Answer 27

psychiatric labelling

Question 28

Which of the following psychological disorders involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour, and is described by the text as being the most serious and puzzling psychological disorder?

Answer 28

Schizophrenia

Question 29

Two important issues in diagnostic classification systems are ________.

Answer 29

Reliability and Validity

Question 30

“Diagnostic” tests for witches are most strongly associated with which of the following perspectives on abnormal behaviours?
-Psychoanalytic
-Demonological
-Behavioural
-Cognitive

Answer 30

Demonological