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Oral Hygiene Exam 2023 > Caries M4 > Flashcards

Caries M4 Flashcards

1
Q

What three things are needed for caries to form?

A

Erupted tooth
Refined carbohydrates
Bacterial plaque

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2
Q

What is Acquired Pellicle?

A

The biofilm that covers the hard and soft tissues in the mouth. It is free of bacteria.

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3
Q

What are the two bacteria groups present for caries?

A
  1. Acidogenic
  2. Proteolytic
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4
Q

What bacterias are present in the Acidogenic group?

A
  1. Streptococcus muntans
  2. lactobacillus
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5
Q

What bacterias are present in the Proteolytic group?

A

Clostridia

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6
Q

Which bacteria group invades the acquired pellicle first?

A

Acidogenic group

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7
Q

What is the pH balance in the mouth?

A

6.8

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8
Q

How does demineralization occur?

A

when the pH balance drops below 5.5

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9
Q

What is drawn from the tooth during demineralisation?

A

Calcium and phosphate ions

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10
Q

How long does it take for the pH balance to return to normal?

A

30 mins to 2 hours

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11
Q

What does Aetiology mean?

A

The cause behind something

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12
Q

What does the Acidogenic group do to teeth?

A

Produce acid and remove mineral salts

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13
Q

What does the Proteolytic group do to teeth?

A

Dissolves proteins

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14
Q

When calcium and phosphates are replaced back to the tooth from the saliva, what is this process called?

A

Remineralisation

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15
Q

What food can help neutralise the and was away the acids from the bacteria?

A

Cheese, as it has a chemical reaction with saliva

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16
Q

An opaque white spot on the surface of the enamel is what stage of the process of caries

A

The early lesion

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17
Q

Once the caries have reached the dentine it spreads more rapidly in than in the enamel. The enamel edges become undermined and the supporting enamel breaks off, what stage of the process of caries is this?

A

The open cavity

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18
Q

When a tooth dies, the necrotic (dead) contents of the pulp cause an infection around the apex of the tooth, what stage of the process of caries is this?

A

Periapical Abscess

19
Q

What are the two types of periapical abscess?

A

Acture & Chronic

20
Q

What is the Tristan da Cunha study?

A

A surgery taken in 1962 showed the population of a island in the south Atlantic ocean had three times the amount of decay in 1962, than they did in 1937, after they began to have food imported (Jams, cakes and sweets)

21
Q

What is the Vipeholm study?

A

In 1945 in Sweden a study was carried out over 6 Years. 400 patients in a mental hospital was given 3000 calories a day. Group one: minimum sugar at meal times
Group two: given chocolate at meal times and in-betweens

22
Q

What is the definition of caries?

A

A progressive bacterial disease that damages calcified areas of the tooth.

23
Q

What is the only way to stop caries?

A

Reduce the frequency and consumption of auger intake throughout the day.

24
Q

What are two ways we can help reduce caries?

A

Fissure sealants & Fluoride

25
Q

What is pathology?

A

The study of disease

26
Q

What are the three main groups of micro-organisms?

A

Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi

27
Q

They live within the cells of other organisms, what am I?

A

Virus

28
Q

They survive as spores when their conditions are not favourable for them to grow and reproduce, what am I?

A

Bacteria

29
Q

They are a type of plant organisms that grows across cells and tissues as extensive branching network of tissue, what am I?

A

Fungi

30
Q

What is CJD

A

Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease

31
Q

What is not killed by disinfection or sterilisation?

A

prions

32
Q

Why is the oral cavity the perfect place for micro-organisms to live?

A

Warm and well oxygenated

33
Q

What is bacteria?

A

A single cell organism with a ridged wall

34
Q

What bacteria is sausage shaped and round at the ends?

A

Lactobacilli

35
Q

What bacteria is round shaped and live in clusters?

A

Staphylococci

36
Q

What bacteria is rod shaped with pointy ends?

A

Bacilli Fusiformis

37
Q

What bacteria is circular and in the form of a chain?

A

Streptococci

38
Q

What bacteria is spiral shaped?

A

Spirochaete

39
Q

How do bacteria survive if the conditions are not favourable?

A

Spores, they protect the bacteria from chemicals - may survive decontamination, but not sterilisation

40
Q

Are viruses smaller or bigger than bacteria?

A

A lot smaller

41
Q

Fungi are plant like organisms similar to colonies of mushrooms under the microscope. They
grow an extensive network of branches lying across the body tissues. What are they called?

A

Hyphae

42
Q

Where do fungi tend to live?

A

Outer surface of the body, such as skin, oral cavity lining, nails and eyes

43
Q

What is the only fungal infection of dental importance?

A

Candid Albicans

44
Q

Which two oral conditions are the result of Candid Albicans?

A

Denture Stomatitis & Oral thrush

Oral Hygiene Exam 2023 (17 decks)

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