Fluoride M11

Question 1

What three ways does fluoride work?

Answer 1

1. Systemically - ingested
2. Topically - coats teeth
3. Assists - the plaque and saliva to re-mineralise the enamel.

Question 2

What is enamel made up of?

Answer 2

Crystals

Question 3

What are the constituents of enamel?

Answer 3

Calcium and phosphate

Question 4

What are Calcium and phosphate in the form of when describing enamel?

Answer 4

Hydroxy-apatite crystals.

Question 5

When Ion exchange takes place, what is Hydroxy-apatite converted to?

Answer 5

Fluor-apatite

Question 6

Which is more resistant to acid attacks, Fluor-apatite or Hydroxy-apatite?

Answer 6

Fluor-apatite

Question 7

What absorbs fluoride?

Answer 7

Calcium

Question 8

Where does fluoride occur naturally?

Answer 8

some, water, fish and tea

Question 9

What is the fluoride (supplement) dose recommended for those living in areas with less than 0.3ppm? 6months to 3 years?

Answer 9

0.25mgF

Question 10

What is the fluoride (supplement) dose recommended for those living in areas with less than 0.3ppm? 6 years old +?

Answer 10

1.00mgF

Question 10

What is the fluoride (supplement) dose recommended for those living in areas with less than 0.3ppm? 3-6 years old?

Answer 10

0.50mgF

Question 11

If people live in areas with a fluoride level of 0.3-0.7, how much fluoride supplement should they have?

Answer 11

Half of the dose

Question 12

When did fluoride toothpastes become widely available?

Answer 12

1970’s

Question 13

For children aged 0-3 years, what concentration of fluoride should be in their toothpaste and how much should they use?

Answer 13

1000ppm and a smear

Question 14

For children aged 3-6 years, what concentration of fluoride should be in their toothpaste and how much should they use?

Answer 14

1350-1500ppm and a pea sized amount

Question 15

If a patient is water in your area is fluoridated or you are taking fluoride tablets (under 7yo) what concentration of fluoride should be used?

Answer 15

less than 600ppm

Question 16

Where water fluoridation is not possible, what alternatives have been found to be effective?

Answer 16

Fluoridated salt or fluoridated milk

Question 17

How many people world wide use fluoridated salts?

Answer 17

200 million (EU, central & South America, Caribbean)

Question 18

How is fluoridated gel applied to teeth?

Answer 18

in trays

Question 19

If a child takes an overdose of fluoride, what would you do?

Answer 19

1. Find out how much
2. Inform dentist/hospital
3. Drink as much milk as possible (may cause sickness
4. Attend hospital
5. Write-up records

Question 20

What is the NFIC

Answer 20

Nation Fluoride Information Centre

Question 21

What is Fluoridation?

Answer 21

The addition of fluoride in the public water supply.

Question 22

When was The British Fluoride Society founded?

Answer 22

1969

Question 23

Fluoride in water works in which ways?

Answer 23

Systemically and topically

Question 24

What is the recommended/optimum level of fluoride?

Answer 24

one part of fluoride to every million parts of water - e.g. 1mg/litre

Question 25

Fluoridation is reported to reduce caries by at least…

Answer 25

65%

Question 26

Water fluoridation epidemiological studies show that fluoridated areas reduce the number of decayed, missing or filled teeth by…

Answer 26

2 teeth per child

Question 27

Water fluoridation increases the percentage of children totally caries free by…

Answer 27

15%

Question 28

How many studies did the York View include and what did it represent?

Answer 28

26, the best available evidence of the effectiveness of water flouridation

Question 29

What was the Knox report

Answer 29

116-page report in 1985, deeming fluoride to be safe and effective way of reducing dental decay