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Psychology > Approaches in Psychology - The Humanistic Approach > Flashcards

Approaches in Psychology - The Humanistic Approach Flashcards

1
Q

When did the humanistic approach and where?

A

America in early 1960s

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2
Q

Why is the humanistic approach termed the ‘Third Force’?

A

Because it aimed to replace the 2 main approaches - Behaviourist and psychodynamic

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3
Q

What are humanistic theories concerned with?

A

Human experiences, uniqueness, meaning, freedom and choice

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4
Q

Determinism

A

All behaviour has a cause

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5
Q

Psychic determinism

A

Your mind is choosing the way in which you behave due to the environment you’ve grown up in

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6
Q

Environment

A

Surroundings, family, people around you

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7
Q

Free will

A

Our own free choice is the only thing that controls our behaviour

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8
Q

Covert observation

A

Observation where participants don’t know they’re being observed

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9
Q

Overt observation

A

Observation where participants know they’re being observed

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10
Q

Participant observation

A

The observer joins in with the participants

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11
Q

Non-participant observation

A

The observer just watches the participants

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12
Q

Structure interviewing

A

Planned questions

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13
Q

Unstructured interviewing

A

Questions being asked are determined by answers given

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14
Q

Self actualisation

A

A person’s motivation to reach their full potential

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15
Q

Congruence

A

A healthy sense of well-being is established if an individual maintains a reasonable consistency between ideal self and actual self

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16
Q

How does humanistic psychology differ from most other approaches in psychology?

A

By focusing on conscious experience rather than on behaviour

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17
Q

When was humanistic psychology developed? By who?

A

1950s by C. Rogers and A. Maslow

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18
Q

Assumptions of humanistic approach

A

-Each person can exercise free will
-Each person is a rational and conscious being and not dominated by unconscious instincts
-Each person is unique

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19
Q

What does unstructured interviewing allow?

A

Allows access to other people’s views and experiences without imposing on them the researcher’s ideas about what is important

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20
Q

Methodology of humanistic approach

A

-Unstructured interviewing
-Participant observation
-Diaries, letters and biographical material

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21
Q

Maslow’s interests

A

Maslow wasn’t interested in what went wrong with people, but rather in what could go right with them

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22
Q

What does Maslow’s hierarchy of needs emphasise?

A

Importance of personal growth and fulfilment

23
Q

What did Maslow’s hierarchy of needs open the door to?

A

Later movements in psychology such as positive psychology and happiness

24
Q

What is the hierarchy of needs represented by?

A

A pyramid. Most basic needs at the bottom, then psychological needs them self-fulfilment needs

25
Q

Basic needs

A

Safety needs (security and safety)
Physiological needs (food, water, warmth, rest)

26
Q

Psychological needs

A

Esteem needs (prestige and feeling accomplished)
Belongingness and love needs (intimate relationships, friends)

27
Q

Self-fulfilment needs

A

Self-actualisation (achieving one’s full potential)

28
Q

Argument regarding self-actualisation

A

A person will never be happy with the places they reach as they just want to achieve more

29
Q

What is self-actualisation about?

A

Giving ourselves a purpose in life

30
Q

What did C. Rogers focus on?

A

The concept of the self and self-acceptance. He moved away from traditional psychoanalysis and developed person-centred approach to therapy

31
Q

C. Rogers opinion of Freud

A

He felt that Freud only focused on the ‘sick half’ of psychology

32
Q

C. Rogers Self Theory

A

Humans are made up of two selves: real self and ideal self

33
Q

Real self

A

How I am in the real world and how others see me

34
Q

Ideal self

A

Who I wish I could be if I were the best ‘me’

35
Q

Impact of focusing on ideal self

A

If you focus on your ideal self too much then you will lose touch with reality and could possibly become deluded

36
Q

How my people experience a stage of incongruence?

A

If there is a difference between the self and ideal self

37
Q

How do you get a high feeling of self worth?

A

If the self image and ideal self are very close to each other

38
Q

What can stop the self from growing and changing?

A

Defence mechanisms

39
Q

What must our ideal self be?

A

Realistic

40
Q

What did Rogers believe?

A

That more often than not people change the process of self-actualisation

41
Q

Basic needs for humans

A

Humans have basic need to feel nurtured and valued by significant people in their lives

42
Q

How will people develop a healthy sense of self-worth?

A

If nurturing is given freely, without conditions

43
Q

Conditioned love

A

When they are accepted only if they do what others want them to do

44
Q

What do children who receive conditions of worth, such as criticism and blame develop?

A

Low self-esteem

45
Q

What else will lead to low self-esteem?

A

Incongruence and negative feelings of self-worth

46
Q

What did Roger believe therapists should provide clients with?

A

Unconditional positive regard to help resolve conditions of worth

47
Q

What did Rogers’ person-centred theory emphasise?

A

The concept of self-actualisation

48
Q

What did Rogers believe was necessary for self-actualisation?

A

Unconditional positive regard

49
Q

What is the individuals centred motivation during counselling psychology?

A

To learn and to grow

50
Q

Why did Rogers develop client-centred therapy?

A

In order to reduce the gap between the ideal self and the real self

51
Q

Conditions of worth

A

A parent who sets boundaries or limits their love for their child is storing up psychological problems for that child in the future

52
Q

Rogers’ list of characteristics of a good therapist

A

-Empathy
-Congruence
-Positive regard

53
Q

What did Harter el al discover in 1996?

A

That teenagers who feel that they have to fulfil certain conditions in order to gain their parents approval frequently end up not liking themselves

54
Q

False self behaviour

A

Doing things to meet other peoples expectations even when they clash with their own views

Psychology (97 decks)

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