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Psychology > Memory - The Working Memory Model > Flashcards

Memory - The Working Memory Model Flashcards

1
Q

WMM

A

Working memory model

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2
Q

What memory store is the WMM exclusive to?

A

The STM

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3
Q

What does the WMM show about the STM which is different to the MSM?

A

It says out STM isn’t unitary as it is made up of different components

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4
Q

4 components in our working memory according to the WMM

A

Visuospatial sketchpad (VSS)
Central executive
Phonological loop
Episodic buffer

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5
Q

What type of system is the WMM?

A

An active system

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6
Q

Who developed the WMM?

A

Baddeley and Hitch

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7
Q

When was the WMM developed?

A

1974

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8
Q

What component of the working memory wasn’t included in the original WMM?

A

The episodic buffer

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9
Q

When was the episodic buffer added to the WMM?

A

In 2000

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10
Q

Why was the episodic buffer added to the WMM?

A

They had faced criticisms for not including the LTM so they added it as a way of explaining the link between STM and LTM

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11
Q

What were the creators of the WMM never interested in explaining which explains why they didn’t add the episodic buffer?

A

They were never interested in explaining how information is transferred from the STM to the LTM

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12
Q

What is the role of the WMM?

A

To temporarily store and manipulate information being used

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13
Q

What three things is the working memory fragile to?

A

Distractions
Overload
Overwork

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14
Q

Who carried out the Dual Task experiment?

A

Baddeley

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15
Q

If your working memory is using multiple subsystems from the same component, what will happen to processing?

A

It will slow down

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16
Q

Why will processing slow down if the working memory is using a different subsystem of the same component?

A

Because each thing you’re trying to do is competing for the same resources (due to limited capacity)

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17
Q

When can you perform two tasks at the same time?

A

If you are using different components of the WMM

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18
Q

Procedure of Baddeley’s Dual Task experiment

A

Participants asked to repeatedly say ‘la’ when reading a particular extract. After this they were asked to tell the researcher what they had just read

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19
Q

Results of Baddeley’s Dual Task experiment

A

Participants could not tell the researcher what they had just read

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20
Q

CE

A

Central executive

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21
Q

What is the CE in charge of?

A

The STM

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22
Q

Where does every bit of information that goes into the CE come from?

A

The 5 senses (similar to sensory register)

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23
Q

Role of the CE

A

Process information and then send it to one of the 2 subsystems

24
Q

Capacity of CE

A

Limited capacity

25
Q

Result of a damaged CE

A

Might mean that new STMs cannot be processed

26
Q

What does the CE allow us to switch attention between?

A

Switch attention between tasks

27
Q

VSS

A

Visuospatial sketchpad

28
Q

Another name for the VSS

A

The inner eye

29
Q

Capacity of the VSS

A

Limited capacity

30
Q

What information does the VSS deal with?

A

Visual information

31
Q

Examples of visual information

A

An image of something
Spatial awareness
Planning a route

32
Q

What type of system is the VSS?

A

A subsystem

33
Q

PL

A

Phonological loop

34
Q

What is the PL made up of?

A

The inner voice and inner ear

35
Q

What type of system is the PL?

A

A subsystem

36
Q

What type of information enters the inner ear?

A

Speech-based information

37
Q

Where does information enter the inner ear via?

A

The CE

38
Q

How does information enter the inner ear?

A

By sub-vocal repetition

39
Q

Where does sub-vocal repetition of information take place?

A

In the inner ear

40
Q

What type of information is reading information?

A

Speech-based information - NOT VISUAL INFORMATION

41
Q

Duration of information in the PL

A

Up to 2 seconds

42
Q

What process allows information to enter the LTM?

A

Sub-vocal repetition

43
Q

Which case study supports the WMM?

A

The KF case study

44
Q

What did KF suffer from?

A

A brain injury as a result of a motorcycle accident

45
Q

What did KF not have problems with as a result of his brain injury?

A

His LTM

46
Q

Who carried out the KF case study?

A

Warrington and Shallice

47
Q

What was KFs ST forgetting of auditory letters and digits (things that he heard) much greater than?

A

His forgetting of visual stimuli (things that he saw)

48
Q

What was KFs STM deficit limited to?

A

Verbal materials

49
Q

What could KF remember and what couldn’t KF remember?

A

Could remember meaningful sounds but couldn’t remember words

50
Q

What about the KF case study showed that there are separate STM components for the VSS and PL?

A

The fact that his memory of visual information was largely unaffected

51
Q

Positive evaluation for WMM: dual task experiment

A

It was conducted in a lab (highly controlled conditions) meaning extraneous variables could be controlled to establish a cause-and-effect relationship

52
Q

Positive evaluation for WMM: KF

A

Only some aspects of his STM were damaged which supports WMM as KF showed STM has different components

53
Q

Positive evaluation for WMM: detail

A

WMM more detailed than MSM

54
Q

Negative evaluation of WMM: trivial tasks

A

In dual task experiment participants asked to repeatedly say ‘la’ when reading an extract. This experiment is not something people do on everyday life so therefore the validity of the findings is decreased

55
Q

Negative evaluation of WMM: dual task experiment conducted in lab

A

Means research may lack ecological validity

56
Q

Negative evaluation of WMM: vagueness of WMM

A

Vague about central executive and relationship of STM with LTM

Psychology (97 decks)

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