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1
Q

Dimensions of pain

A

sensory-discrimination
motivational-affective
cognitive-evaluative

2
Q

dimensions of sensory-discrimination

A

location
magnitude
duration
quality

3
Q

dimensions of motivational affective

A

emotions
anxiety
depression

4
Q

dimensions of cognitive evaluative

A

post experience

possibility of outcomes

5
Q

increased sensitivity to noxious stimulus

A

hyperalgesia

6
Q

feeling of pain from a non-noxious stimulus

A

allodynia

7
Q

pain perceived outside the area of injury

A

referred pain

8
Q

increased responsiveness or decreased threshold of neurons

A

sensitization

9
Q

dysfunction in PNS; primary hyperalgesia

A

peripheral sensitization

10
Q

dysfunction in neurons in SC or brain; secondary hyperalgesia; allodynia

A

central sensitization

11
Q

ascending pain pathways

A

1st order neurons =primary afferent
2nd order neurons = spinothalamic
3rd order neurons = thalamocortical neurons

12
Q

transmit sharp pain, noxious mechanical, thermal stimulation; low-threshold; fast pain

A

A alpha

13
Q

transmit dull pain, noxious mechanical, thermal and chemical stimulation; high-threshold; slow pain

A

C

14
Q

immediate sharp sensation following an injury that indicates location of pain, transmitted via a alpha/GIII; processed via lateral pain system

A

fast pain

15
Q

dull, burring, throbbing ache followed by sharp pain that is not well localized; transmitted by C fibers/IV; processed via medial pain system

A

Slow pain

16
Q

a sensory receptor that transduce pain stimulus

A

nociceptor

17
Q

peripheral mechanisms for pain

A

unimodal neurons
Polymodal neurons
receptors
chemicals

18
Q

func of primary afferent neurons

A

transduction

transmission

19
Q

detection of noxious or damaging stimuli

A

transduction

20
Q

passage of the resulting sensory input from peripheral terminals to spinal cord

A

transmission

21
Q

tissue damage resulting in release of chemicals

binding of substances and activation of ion channels and receptors

A

inflammation

22
Q

symptoms of inflammation

A

constant pain/pain form a normal stimulus
heat
edema

23
Q

chemicals released by primary afferents are

A

glu

substance p

24
Q

spinal pain mechanisms

A

chemicals released by primary afferents

NMDA receptors, NK receptors, Ca ion channels

25
Q

3 classifications of DH neurons

A

projection
interneurons
wide dynamic range

26
Q

Integrate painful and non-painful info
receive info from both sides and multiple sites
response to noxious and non-noxious stimuli
contributes to chronic pain

A

wide dynamic range neurons

27
Q

convergence of input from various tissues and misinterpretation by cortex

A

referred pain

28
Q

lateral pain system

A

lat spinothalamic

29
Q

medial pain system

A

ant spinothalamic tract

spinolimbic tract

30
Q

sensory discrimination pain tract

A

Lateral spinothalamic tract

31
Q

motivational-affective pain pathway

A

ant spinothalamic tract

32
Q

ant spinothalamic tract projection to brainstem

A

spinoreticular tract

33
Q

ant spinothalamic tract projection to midbrain

A

spinomesencephalic tract

34
Q

these fibers mediate visceral, emotional and autonomic reactions to pain

A

spinolimbic tract

35
Q

spinolimbic pathway

A
nociceptors
SC (lamina II, V)
multisynaptic/bilateral
medial and intralaminar thalamic nuleus
anterior cingulate, insular cortex, DLPFC, amygdala
36
Q

descending pain pathways

A
Cingulate cortex
insular cortex
amygdala
periaqueductal grey (PAG)
Rostroventromedial medulla (RVM)
dorsolateral pontine tegmentum
37
Q

main descending pain pathway

A

PAG-RVM

38
Q

descending pain inhibitory output

A

electrical stimulation
exercise
opioid medication

39
Q

descending pain excitatory output

A

increase glu release

tissue injury

40
Q

brain regions that process and regulate pain information

A

pain matrix

41
Q

sensory discrimination in the brain

A

thalamus (VPL and VPM) SSC

42
Q

affective motivational in the brain

A

cerebral: insula, cingulate and prefrontal cortex
amygdala and hypothalamus
thalamus: intralaminar nuclei

43
Q

cognitive pain in the brain

A

prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)

44
Q

descending pain control in the brain

A

midbrain and brainstem

45
Q

ANS, SNS pain factor

A

contibutes to emergency analgesia

key command center in brainstem - locus ceruleus

46
Q

types of pain

A

somatic
psychological
neuropathic

47
Q

skin and deep tissues (superficial or deep pain)

A

somatic

48
Q

pain associated with anxiety or depression

A

psycological

49
Q

pain that results from disturbances in neural and non-neural cells that leads to maladaptive changes in the neurons of the sensory system

A

neuropathic