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PTRS 852 > 9 > Flashcards

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1
Q

Allows organism to sense the body and environment

much of it is unconscious

A

Sensory systems

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2
Q

Sensory info from the skin and musculoskeletal

A

Somatosensory systems

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3
Q

Skin sensations include

A

touch
pain
temp

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4
Q

Musculoskeletal sensations include

A

proprioception and pain

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5
Q

Provides info regarding stretch of muscles, tension on tendons, positions of joints, and deep vibration
includes both static joint position and kinesthetic sense

A

Proprioception

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6
Q

Each type is specialized, responding only to a specific type of stimulus, the adequate stimulus, under normal conditions
located at the distal ends of peripheral neurons

A

receptors

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7
Q

Types of receptors

A

Mechanoreceptors
Chemorecpetors
Thermoreceptors

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8
Q

receptor that responds to mechanical deformation of the receptor by touch, pressure, stretch , or vibration

A

Mechanoreceptors

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9
Q

receptors that respond to substances released by cells

A

Chemoreceptors

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10
Q

receptors that respond to heat or cold

A

Thermoreceptors

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11
Q

A subset of each type of receptor that is preferentially sensitive to stimuli that damage or threaten to damage tissue
results in a sensation of pain

A

Nociceptors

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12
Q

The area of skin innervate by a single afferent neuron

A

receptive field

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13
Q

proximal relation of receptor fields

A

smaller distally and larger proximally

greater density distally than proximally

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14
Q

Skin innervate by axons from single dorsal root

A

dermatome

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15
Q

axons from dorsal root innervating specific parts of the limbs regrouped to form

A

peripheral nerve

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16
Q

Large myelinated Ia

A

receptors: muscle spindles

stimulus muscle stretch

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17
Q

Large myelinated Ib

A

receptor: golgi tendon, stimulus: tendon tension

Receptor ligament receptors, stimulus: ligament tension

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18
Q

Medium myelinated II

A

receptors:muscle spindles, muscle stretch

receptor paciniform and ruffini type receptors in joint capsules, stimulus: joint movement

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19
Q

A beta receptors

A 
Meissners
Pacinian
Ruffinis
Merkels
Hair follicle
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20
Q

meissners stimulus

A

Touch, vibration (superficial fine touch)

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21
Q

pacinian stimulus

A

Touch, vibration

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22
Q

ruffinis stimulus

A

skin stretch

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23
Q

Markels stimulus

A

pressure (superficial fine touch)

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24
Q

hair follicle stimulus

A

pressure

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25
A alpha receptors
Free nerve ending
26
A alpha free nerve ending stimulus
tissue damage, temp, and course touch
27
C receptors
Free nerve endings
28
C free nerve ending stimulus
Tissue damage, temp, itch, tickle
29
Sensory organ embedded in skeletal "extrafusal" muscle, consists of muscle fibers, sensory endings, and motor endings
Muscle spindle
30
What do sensory endings in muscle spindles respond to
muscle stretch | changes in muscle length and velocity of length change
31
Quick and tonic stretch of spindle registered by
Ia afferents
32
Tonic stretch monitored by
II afferents
33
______ adjust spindle fiber length via specialized muscle fibers so spindle is responsive through physiologic range of muscle length
small efferent fibers
34
Relay info about tension in tendons in both active contraction and passive stretch
Golgi tendon organs
35
Golgi tendon organs info transmitted by
Ib afferents
36
Peripheral sensory neurons have two axons
distal axons | Proximal axons
37
Conduct messages from receptor to the cell body
Distal axons
38
Project from the cell body into the spinal cord or brainstem
Proximal axons
39
Where are the cell bodies of most peripheral sensory neurons located
outside the spinal cord in the dorsal root ganglia or outside the brain in cranial nerve ganglia
40
Primary afferent fiber and ganglia classified according to axon diameter (largest to smallest)
``` C A alpha II or A beta Ib Ia ```
41
Types of somatosensory pathways
Conscious relay Divergent Unconscious relay
42
anatomic name for conscious relay
dorsal column/medial lemniscus | spinothalamic
43
Anatomic name for divergent pathways
spinomesencephalic spinoreticular spinolimbic
44
Anatomic name for unconscious relay
spinocerebellar
45
info conveyed by the dorsal column/medial lemniscus
Discriminative touch and conscious proprioception
46
Termination of dorsal column/medial lemniscus
Primary sensory area cerebral cortex
47
info conveyed by the spinothalamic pathway
discriminative pain and temp
48
termination of spinothalamic
Primary sensory area cerebral cortex
49
info conveyed by the divergent pathways
slow, aching pain
50
termination of the spinomesencephalic
midbrain
51
termination of the spinoreticular
reticular formation
52
termination of the spinolimbic
amygdala, basal ganglia, many areas of cerebral cortex
53
Info conveyed by the spinocerebellar
movement related info
54
termination of the spinocerebellar
cerebellum
55
Touch and proprioception info from limbs enters spinal cord via
A beta or I/II afferents
56
Dorsal column pathway
ascends in dorsal column to ipsilateral lower medulla Synapse in nucleus cuneatus (UE) or gracilis (trunk or LE) of medulla Crosses spinal cord and ascends in medial lemniscus to contralateral thalamus Synapse in VPL of thalamus Ascends to primary somatosensory cortex
57
Lateral pain system
spinothalamic pathway
58
Pain and temp info from limbs enters spinal core via
A alpha or C afferents and synapses in dorsal horn
59
Spinothalamic pathways
``` A alpha or C afferents synapses in dorsal horn crosses to contralateral spinal cord Ascends in spinothalamic tract synapses in VPL thalamus ascends to primary somatosensory cortex ```
60
Somatosensory systems
Primary sensory cortex Secondary sensory cortex Sensory association cortex
61
somatosensory system that registers receptor activation (maps)
primary sensory cortex
62
somatosensory system that processes info from that sensory system alone patterns of activity and anticipation
secondary sensory cortex
63
somatosensory systems that integrates related activity of different sensory systems
Sensory association cortex
64
Receive sensory info directly from thalamus | each discriminates among different intensities and qualities of one type of input
Primary sensory areas
65
discriminates shape, texture, or size of objects
primary somatosensory
66
Conscious discrimination of loudness and pitch of sounds
primary auditory
67
distinguishes intensity of light, shape, size and location of objects
primary visual
68
discriminates among head positions and head movements
primary vestibular
69
Stereognosis and memory of the tactile and spatial environment
secondary somatosensory
70
Analysis of motion, color: control of visual fixation
secondary visual
71
classification of sounds
secondary auditory
72
Primary sensory areas
somatosensory auditory visual vestibular
73
Secondary sensory areas
somatosensory visual auditory
74
Primary somatosensory cortex
S1: 3, 1, 2
75
secondary somatosensory cortex
S2: 5,7
76
Sensory association area
SAA: 39, 40`
77
transmits proprioceptive info to cerebellum unconscious proprioception critical for adjusting moveements and posture
spinocerebellar

PTRS 852 (11 decks)

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