4

Question 1

What is the level of injury determined by

Answer 1

The last intact muscle group and dermatome

Question 2

C1-4 key muscle group

Answer 2

Diaphragm and sensory

Question 3

C5 key muscle group

Answer 3

Biceps

Question 4

C6 key muscle group

Answer 4

Wrist extension

Question 5

C7 key muscle group

Answer 5

Triceps

Question 6

C8 Key muscle group

Answer 6

Finger flexors

Question 7

T1 Key muscle group

Answer 7

Small finger abductors

Question 8

T2-L1 Key muscle group

Answer 8

Sensory level

Question 9

L2 Key muscle group

Answer 9

Hip flexors

Question 10

L3 Key muscle group

Answer 10

Knee flexors

Question 11

L4 Key muscle group

Answer 11

Ankle dorsiflexors

Question 12

L5 Key muscle group

Answer 12

Long toe extensors

Question 13

S1 Key muscle group

Answer 13

Ankle plantarflexors

Question 14

S2-S5 Key muscle group

Answer 14

Sensory level and sphincter tone

Question 15

the lowest key muscle with a grade of at least 3/5, provided all key muscles above it are graded 5

Answer 15

Motor level

Question 16

The lowest normal dermatome

Answer 16

Sensory level

Question 17

The highest of the motor or sensory levels on either side

Answer 17

Neurological level

Question 18

Relates to presence or absence or rectal tone or sensation

Takes into consideration if any sensation or motor function is present below the level of the injury

Answer 18

Completeness of injury

Question 19

ASIA A

Answer 19

Complete- no motor or sensory function is preserved in the sacral seg S4-S5

Question 20

ASIA B

Answer 20

Sensory incomplete - Sensory but not motor function is preserved below the neurological level. Sacral segments S4 and S5 are intact

Question 21

ASIA C

Answer 21

motor incomplete - Motor function is preserved below the neurological level and more than half of key muscle function below the neurological level of injury have a muscle grade less than 3

Question 22

ASIA D

Answer 22

Motor incomplete - Motor function is preserved below the neurological level and at least half or more of key muscle function below the NLI have a muscle grade >3

Question 23

ASIA E

Answer 23

Normal- Used in follow up of patient with SCI who initially had deficits

Question 24

Characterized by the loss of function of the ventral pathway and the conservation of the dorsal column. Preservation of light touch, proprioception and deep pressure, absences of pain and motor function

Answer 24

Anterior cord syndrome

Question 25

Presentation of anterior cord syndrome

Answer 25

Preservation of light touch, proprioception and deep pressure, absences of pain and motor function

Question 26

Characterized by a central area of injury witch affects the medially located motor fibers that control distal upper extremity function

Answer 26

Central cord Syndrome

Question 27

Central cord syndrome presentation

Answer 27

UE weakness greater than LE weakness, sacral sensory sparing

Question 28

Characterized by damage that affects one half of the spinal cord significantly greater than the other half

Answer 28

Brown Sequard syndrome

Question 29

Presentation of Brown Sequard Syndrome

Answer 29

Spastic paresis, loss of light touch and vibration sensation of the damaged side and loss of pain and temp on the contralateral side

Question 30

Presentation of cauda equina syndrome

Answer 30

Low back pain, radicular pain, lower extremity paresis or paralysis, sensory deficit in the perineal area, bowel or bladder dysfunction, diminished or absent patellar and achilles reflexes

Question 31

Dangerous situation for patients due to increase in blood pressure and risk for cerebral hemorrhage or possible heart failure

Answer 31

Autonomic dysreflexia

Question 32

Symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 32

``` Headache Sweating Nasal congestion Sustained penile erection Hyperhidrosis above the level of the lesion Paresthesias ```

Question 33

a fluid filled cavity within the spinal cord that may extend for multiple spinal levels

Answer 33

Syrinx

Question 34

cause considerable reduction in functional capacity as well as pain

Answer 34

Syringomelia