1.2 Organelles

Question 1

What is the function of nuclear pores?

Answer 1

Allow movement of mRNA out of nucleus

Question 2

What organelles could not be viewed with light microscope

Answer 2

Ribosomes
Golgi
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoskeleton, microtubules, microfilaments, centrioles, vesicles, mitochondria

Question 3

How are vesicles moved frome one cell to another?

Answer 3

The cytoskeleton provide structure to move along

Vesicles move along microfilaments

Microtubules extend from cell and are broken down

This uses ATP

Question 4

What is term for single celled organisms

Answer 4

Prokaryotes

Question 5

What is a Eukaryotes

Answer 5

Multicellular organism

Membrane bound organelles

Allow multiple reactions

Question 6

What is role of nucleus

Answer 6

To contain code genetic information

Synthesise proteins

DNA + histone = chromatin

Question 7

Where is genetic info stored

Answer 7

Nucleus

Question 8

What is role of nucleolus

Answer 8

produce ribosomes from proteins and RNA

Question 9

What is role of mitochondria

Answer 9

Respiration site

contain enzyme and DNA

Question 10

What is interior of mitochondria called

Answer 10

Matrix

Question 11

What is folded membrane in mitochondria called

Answer 11

Cristae

Question 12

What is a vesicle

Answer 12

Membrane sacs

Question 13

What is purpose of vesicles

Answer 13

Storage and transport

Question 14

What are lysosomes

Answer 14

specialised vesicles which contain hydrolytic enzymes

Question 15

What are three components of cytoskeleton

Answer 15

1. Microfillaments
2. Microtubules
3. Intermediate fibres

Question 16

What are microfilliaments called

Answer 16

Actin

Question 17

What is role of cytoskeleton

Answer 17

Microfilaments- cell movement

Microtubules - globular proteins which create scaffolding for organelle movement

Intermediate fibres - strength

Question 18

What is role of cillia

Answer 18

Hair like extension which create movement by beating

Question 19

What is structure of cillia

Answer 19

9 + 2 microtubules

Question 20

What is flagella

Answer 20

Whip like structure which create cell mobility and chemical changes

Question 21

What organelles are involved in protein synthesis

Answer 21

Endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth or rough

Ribosomes

Golgi appartus

Question 22

What is role of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

Smooth - carb / lip synthesis

Rough - protein

Question 23

What is role of golgi apparatus

Answer 23

modify and package proteins

Question 24

What are the stages of protein production

Answer 24

1. Protein synthesised in RER
2. Packaged in cisternae to vesicles
3. Move to golgi via microtubules
4. fuse with cis face so protein modified and then leave by trans face

Question 25

What is a plant cell wall made of

Answer 25

Cellulose

Question 26

What is the vacuole

Answer 26

A membrane sac filled with sap

Question 27

What is role of vacuole

Answer 27

To maintain turgor

Question 28

What is role of chroloplast

Answer 28

Photosynthesis

Question 29

What is structure of chloroplast

Answer 29

Double membrane Inside fluid - stroma Thylakoid which join to make granum Granum joined lamellae

Question 30

What are examples of prokaryotes

Answer 30

Archae and Bacteria

Question 31

How is DNA present in prokaryotes

Answer 31

Free floating or super coiled into chromosomes

Question 32

What are genes grouped into in bacteria

Answer 32

Operons

Question 33

What size are ribosomes in prokaryotes

Answer 33

70s

Question 34

What is cell wall made of in bacteria

Answer 34

Peptidoglycan

Question 35

What is peptidoglycan made of

Answer 35

Amino acid and sugar

Question 36

Where does energy come from for flagella in bacteria

Answer 36

Chemiosmosis

Question 37

What is flagella composed of

Answer 37

Basal body and molecular motor

Question 38

How do prokaryotes produce

Answer 38

Reproduce by binary fission