1.3 Biological Molecules

Question 1

What is role of Ca2+

Answer 1

Nerve impulse

Question 2

What ions are used in nerve impulse

Answer 2

Na+ and K+

Question 3

What is role of Cl-

Answer 3

Cofactor to amylase

Question 4

How is water specialised

Answer 4

Polar regions

Less dense as solid as molecules fixed further apart

Cohesive and adhesive

Question 5

What properties of water are advantageous

Answer 5

Good solvent

Coolant

Cohesive and adhesive

Question 6

What is an example of hexose monosaccharides

Answer 6

Glucose

Question 7

Is glucose soluble and polar

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

What kind of bonds does glucose form

Answer 8

Glycosidic bonds

Question 9

What kind of reaction joins glucose molecules

Answer 9

Condensation reaction

Question 10

What carbons join when glucose molecules join

Answer 10

C1 and C4

Question 11

In alpha glucose where is OH group on C1

Answer 11

Below

Question 12

What is the form of glucose in plants

Answer 12

Starch

Question 13

What are the two forms of starch

Answer 13

Amylose - compact helix

Amylopectin - branch structure good energy store has 1-6 bonds

Question 14

What is glucose stored as in animals

Answer 14

Glycogen

Question 15

How is glycogen adapted to be storage molecules

Answer 15

C1-4 and C1-6

Gives branch structure

Compact

Insoluble

Question 16

What is form of Beta glucose

Answer 16

Cellulose

Question 17

How does Beta glucose bond

Answer 17

Upside down so form straight chain

Question 18

What do microfibrils make when they join

Answer 18

Macro-fibrils

Question 19

What chemical used to test for reducing sugar

Answer 19

benedicts and heat

Question 20

What colour does benedicts go in presence of sugar

Answer 20

Red

Question 21

What colour shows low levels of sugar

Answer 21

Green

Question 22

If non reducing sugar is being tested for what else needs to be added to benedicts

Answer 22

Hcl to break double bond

Question 23

What causes colour change in benedicts

Answer 23

Cu2+ ions being reduced

Question 24

What tests for starch

Answer 24

yellow to purple/black

Question 25

What are properties of a lipid

Answer 25

Non-polar and insoluble

Question 26

What is term to describe lipid

Answer 26

Macromolecules

Question 27

What is an unsaturated fat at RTP

Answer 27

oil

Question 28

What is saturated fat at RTP

Answer 28

solid

Question 29

What is structure of triglycerides

Answer 29

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 30

What bond do lipids form

Answer 30

Ester bonds

Question 31

What are benefits of lipids

Answer 31

Long term energy (high conc of c-h) insulation buoyancy

Question 32

What is example of sterol

Answer 32

Cholesterol

Question 33

What is structure of cholesterol

Answer 33

Hydrocarbon ring + OH

Question 34

What molecule is added to phosopholipid

Answer 34

Inorganic phosphate

Question 35

Which is hydrophobic part of phospholipid

Answer 35

Fatty acid tail

Question 36

Which is hydrophillic part of phospholipid

Answer 36

Phosphate head

Question 37

What structure do phospholipids form

Answer 37

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 38

How do you test for lipid

Answer 38

Emulsion test- mix ethanol with water and should form white layer

Question 39

What forms a peptide bond

Answer 39

amine and carboxyl group

Question 40

What catalyses peptide bond

Answer 40

peptidyl transferase

Question 41

What 2 forms are there in secondary structure

Answer 41

Alpha helix Beta pleAted sheet

Question 42

What kind of bonds can occur in tertiary structure

Answer 42

Hydrophillic/phobic H bonds Ionic Disulfide

Question 43

What happens in quaternary structure

Answer 43

When 2 sub units interact

Question 44

What is an example of quaternary protein

Answer 44

Haemoglobin

Question 45

What are the types of protein

Answer 45

Globular Fibrous Conjugated

Question 46

What are features of protein

Answer 46

Compact Water soluble Spherical

Question 47

What is structure of a conjugated protein

Answer 47

Globular with prosthetic group

Question 48

What is Fe2+ prostethic group for

Answer 48

Catalase Haemoglobin

Question 49

What are features of fibrous proteins

Answer 49

Long Insoluble Strong

Question 50

What do fibrous proteins have lots of

Answer 50

Hydrophobic R groups

Question 51

What are three types of fibrous protein

Answer 51

Keratin Elastin Collagen

Question 52

What makes keratin strong

Answer 52

Contain cystine which has sulfur

Question 53

What is structure of collagen

Answer 53

3 polypeptide chains

Question 54

How to test for protein

Answer 54

Add sodium hydroxide Add copper sulfate Colour change to purple

Question 55

What is structure of nucleic acid

Answer 55

Pentose monosaccharide Hydroxyl group

Question 56

What bond is formed between nucleic acid

Answer 56

Phosphodiester

Question 57

What forms phosphodiester bond

Answer 57

Phosphate group and OH

Question 58

What is sugar in DNA

Answer 58

Deoxyribose

Question 59

Which nucleic acid have double carbon ring

Answer 59

Purines

Question 60

What nucleic acids are single carbon rings

Answer 60

Pyramidines

Question 61

What are purines

Answer 61

A G

Question 62

What are pyramidines

Answer 62

C T

Question 63

What is sugar in RNA

Answer 63

Ribose

Question 64

What replaces thymosine

Answer 64

Urasil

Question 65

What kind of replication is DNA replication

Answer 65

Semi Conservative

Question 66

What breaks bond in DNA

Answer 66

DNA helicase

Question 67

What joins nucleotides

Answer 67

DNA polymerase

Question 68

What codes for an amino acid

Answer 68

Codon

Question 69

What is a codon made up of

Answer 69

3 amino acids

Question 70

What is stage called when DNA is translated to mRNA

Answer 70

transcription

Question 71

What is mRNA to protein called

Answer 71

Translation