Chapter 13 - Nueronal Communication Flashcards
What is the definition of homeostasis
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
What are the three types of nuerone
Relay
Motor
Sensory
What is the definition of a nuerone
Specialised cells that rapidly transmit electrical impulse
Describe structure of motor nuerone
1 long axon and many short dendrite with nucleus at one end
Structure of sensory neurone
1 axon and 1 dendron with nucleus in middle of cell body
In which direction does an axon carry an electrical impulse
Away from cell body
What is the structure of relay neurone
Many short axons and dendrite
What does a sensory cell send impulse on to
Relay or motor neurones
Brain
Where does motor neuron recieve impulse from
Either relay or sensory neurones
Where does motor neurone send impulse to
Effector
Where does a relay neurone receive and send impulses to
Between all neurones
Where does sensory neurone send impulse to
Relay
Motor
Brain
What are key features to neurone
Mitochondira and endoplasmic reticulum
Enable production of neurotransmitters
What is the flow of an electrical impulse?
Receptor
Sensory
Relay
Motor
Effector
What is myelin sheath made of
Layers of plasma membrane
What produces layers of membrane that make up myelin sheath
Schwann cells
What is the role of myelin sheath
To increase rate of transmission
What are the gaps in myelin sheath called and what is there purpose?
Nodes of ranvier
To increase rate of transmission by making impulse jump
What is potential difference
The difference in charge on 2 sides of membrane
When resting what is the state of membrane charge
polarised
What is resting potential on inside of nuerone
-70mv
For each molecule of ATP hydrolysed how many molecules are pumped
3 NA
2K
What is the name of the mechanism used to pump ions in nuerone
Sodium-pottasium pump
Is sodium moved in or out of nuerone
Out
