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Biology > 12 - Plant Nutrition > Flashcards

12 - Plant Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Carnivorous plants
Select one:
A. Depend on animals as a source of nitrogen
B. Plants that grow on other plants
C. Are parasitic
D. Are incapable of photosynthesis
E. Depend on animals as a source of carbon

A

Depend on animals as a source of nitrogen

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1
Q

How do the anions gain entry into the cell

A

through cotransporters (nitrate, phosphate or others)

H+ + NO3-

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2
Q

The CO2 released by the plant root reacts with _______ to form _____ which then releases ________

A

water; H2CO3 (carbonic acid); protons

H2O + CO2 -> H2CO3 -> HCO3- + H+

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3
Q

How does loam create an ideal environment?

A

airspaces

hold onto sm particles and minerals

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3
Q

What are the 6 macronutrients that form the plants structure

A
  • Carbon
  • nitrogen
  • hydrogen
  • oxygen
  • potassium
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3
Q

the loss of nutrients via the movement of water through soil is called _______. Why does this happen

A

leaching

because the negative ions are not bound to the soil

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3
Q

Soil particles have a _____ charge and this ______ water and _____

A

negative; attracts; ions

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4
Q

What is the most idea composition of inorganic materials

A

loam

a mix of sand, silt, & clay

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5
Q

_____ of a nutrient will affect weather a nutrient will leave older leaves and travel to younger leaves who require it for their growth

A

mobility

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6
Q

The root secretes _____ ions to displace _______

A

H+; cations

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7
Q

How can pH affect the avalability of essential elements

A
  • affects cation exhange
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8
Q

What is soil composed of that is inorganic

A
  • sand
  • silt
  • clay
  • gravel
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9
Q

Decaying organic matter is called ________

A

humus

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9
Q

Nitrogen fixation is
Select one:

A. Performed by mycorrrhizal fungi
B. Detrimental to plants
C. Performed only by plants
D. Supported by humus in the soil
E. The oxidation of nitrogen gas

A

Supported by humus in the soil

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9
Q

Roots release _____ as a by-product of ___________

A

CO2 cellular respiration

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11
Q

If either Mg2+ or Iron is defecient in a plant, what is the result

A

stunted growth and discolored leaves - if either of these nutrients are deficient chlorophyll productions will be affected causing discoloration of the leaves

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13
Q

list some of the other living organisms that support a plant`s nutrient uptake and survival

A
  • nitrogen fixing bacteria
  • humus
  • rhizobium bacteria
  • mycorrhizal fungus
  • actinomycetes
14
Q

What are some of the ways that soil is created chemically?

A
  • mosses secrete weak acids
15
Q

Of the inorganic composition of soil, which of them hold the nutrients for plants?

A

sand

silt

16
Q

In a typical soil,
Select one:

A. more clay means more air space and oxygen for the roots
B. the topsoil tends to lose mineral nutrients by leaching
C. the majority of loam consists of large sized sand particles
D. dead and decaying matter is harmful to plants
E. only micronutrients are available to the plant

A

the topsoil tends to lose mineral nutrients by leaching

18
Q

Describe what is going on with rhizobium bacteria

A

symbiotic relationship

the bacteria fixes N2 gasses into NH4+ which is used by the plant

and the plant provides sugar to the bacteria

19
Q

A mineral deficiency is more likely to affect older leaves more than younger leaves if
Select one:
A. The mineral is required for chlorophyll synthesis
B. The mineral is a macronutrient
C. The mineral is very mobile within the plant
D. The older leaves are in the shade
E. The mineral is a micronutrient

A

the mineral is very mobile within the plant

20
Q

What are some of the “other things found in soil?

A

fungi, pillbugs, bacteria, yeasts, worms

they help decompose matter and release materials that then can feed the plants

21
Q

what charge do soil particles have?

A

negative

23
Q

Macronutrients
Select one:
A. Function as catalysts
B. Are so called because they are more essential than micronutrients
C. Include manganese, boron, zinc and others
D. Are higher in atomic number than micronutrients
E. Are required in large concentrations
F. Are obtained by the process of photosynthesis

A

Are required in large concentrations

24
Q

typical fertilizers are typically composed of which nutrients, and in what ratios

A

Nitrogen: Phosphorus: Potassium

10-20-10

26
Q

define cation exchange

A

when protons bind to negative charges on clay particles and organic matter causing bound cations such as Mg2+ or Ca2+ to be released and avaliable for uptake by the plant roots

27
Q

___________ (cations or anions) bind to organic matter in soil as well as to clay particles. ______ (cations or anions) in contrast, tend to go into solution

A

cations, anions

28
Q

How does humus help get nutrients to plants

A

it is a food source for bacteria creating NH4+

which then turns into NO3- and is easily taken up by the plant

29
Q

list the inorganic composition of soil, list from the smallest to the largest in size

A

clay, silt, sand, gravel

30
Q

How does myorrhizae support plant life

A

symbiotic relationship

increases surface area for absorption

support the decompostion of matter

31
Q

how is the plant able to have such a higher concentration intercellulary than the soil of desirable cations. the cations must cross the plasma memrane against a strong concentration gradient, how does this work

A

becuse the root haris are secreting H+ ions this is kicks off the Ca2+ from the clay or soil particles and makes it available for the plant to take up the ions

essentially the change of the proton concentration gradient -> a separation of charge across the mb

32
Q

If a nutrient is immoble, how will this affect new growth, or older leaves

A

it will affect the younger growth, not the older

33
Q

List some of the ways that soil is created via mechanical mechanisim

A
  • freeze taw
  • wind
  • H2O
  • root growth
35
Q

How are root hars an advantage for the plant

A

increase in surface area for available nutrient and water absorption

36
Q

What are the nutrients that are obtained from CO2 or H2O

A
  • oxygen
  • carbon
  • hydrogen
37
Q

What is up with the carnivourious plants

A

they live in poor N conditions, and have adapted to get their N from live beasts

38
Q

Nutrients are present at low concentrations in the soil surrounding roots. Plants import nutrients _________ (against or down) concentration gradient by _____ ______ into the extracellular space

A

against

pumping protons

39
Q

Passive exclusion of ions occurs when ions cannot pass throught the _______________

A

casparian strip

40
Q
A

Biology (18 decks)

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