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Flashcards in 13 - Plant Transport Deck (29)
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1
Q

How do roots take up all of the ions that are in the soild? the plant is hypertonic to the soil so there is a concentration gradient

A

specifically creates a charge gradient, the plant activel exports H+ nions from the cell via an ATP pump, there fore causeing the intracellular charge of the cell to become electronegative drawing in cations through diffusion throught the transmb channel

2
Q

how do roots uptake negatively charged molecules like NO3-

A

through an H+ cotransporter the NO3- goes up its concentration gradient, as wll as large molecules like sugar + H+

3
Q

Why does H2O move through the plant?

during the day?

Night?

A

negative pressure during the day b/c of evaporation

night = ionic concentration in root cells = osmotic pull

4
Q
A

7 - epidermis

8 - cortex

9 - endodermis

10 - parenchyma

11 - phloem

12 - Xylem

13 - pith

5
Q

How is the arrangement of vascular tissue different in monocot and dicot stems?

A

In monocots, vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue, with many at the periphery and decreasing numbers toward the center of the stem. By contrast, the vascular bundles in dicots are arranged in a single ring toward the periphery of the stem, with none in the center.

6
Q

How is the arrangement of vascular tissues in a monocot root different from a dicot root?

A

In monocots, the vascular bundle has a central pith, which is surrounded by a cylinder of xylem, surrounded by a cylinder of phloem. By contrast in the vascular bundle of a dicot the xylem is a star-shaped, centrally located column with strands of phloem located between the arms or points of the xylem.

7
Q

Potatoes contain food in the form of starch, which ground tissue are you eating when you eat mashed potatoes?

A

parenchyma

8
Q

The part of rhubarb that people eat is the petiole of a large leaf. Which tissue provides support for rhubarb?

A

collenchyma

9
Q

Which ground tissue is a major component of the blades of spinach leaves?

A

parenchyma

10
Q

Which ground tissue makes the shell of a nut hard?

A

sclerenchyma

11
Q

The _____________ prevents substances from leaking back out of teh xylem

A

casperian strip

12
Q

describe the casperian strip

A

waxy

impenitrable via transmb route or apoplastic route

acts as a guard for the roots

13
Q

list the three routes that water and minerals get into roots, which one is the most direct

A
  1. apoplastic - through the cellular walls - doesn’t get direct access
  2. symplastic - through the plasmodesmata - direct route
  3. transmembrane - accross cells - not direct
14
Q

The ___________ route gains minerals and water entry though the casparian strip via ___________

A

symplastic

plasmodesmata

15
Q

Why doesnt the plant have its casparian strip just inside of the pidermis versus the endodermis?

A

it increases the surface area of absorption

16
Q

How does the concentration of potassium affect guard cells?

A
  • stomata opening and closing as the ions enter and leave the stomata bring along with it H2O.
  • the movement of the K+ ions brings with it water, and is caused by light changes
  • this is under hormonal control
17
Q

Define transpiration

A
  • water evaporation via xylem cohesion and adhesion to the polar cllulose of the walls of the X
  • also keeps the temp regulated of the plant
18
Q

where are the sinks of the plant?

A

growing things -

also storage for excess

19
Q

Define translocation

A

movement in Phloem of sugars hormoes from sourse to sink

the bulk flow is facilitaed by positive pressure

20
Q

Where is the source cell for sugar production

A

where chlorophyll is taking sunlight and turning it inot sugar

21
Q

what is the difference b/t the mech of bulk transport oin xylem vs phloem?

A

X = negative pressure

P = positive pressure

22
Q

A water molecule could move all the way through a plant from soil to root to leaf to air and pass through a living cell only once. This living cell would be a part of which structure?
Select one:
A. The root cortex
B. A guard cell
C. The root epidermis
D. The casparian strip
E. The endodermis

A

The endodermis

23
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of the transpiration-cohesion-tension mechanism?
Select one:
A. Water is remarkably cohesive
B. Removal of water from the xylem exerts a pull on the water column
C. Water evaporates from the walls of mesophyll cells
D. The high pressure created by the K+ concentration gradient aids in the pull on the water column

A

The high pressure created by the K+ concentration gradient aids in the pull on the water column

24
Q

Which statement about phloem transport is NOT true?

Select one:
A. Phloem sap flows due to pressure
B. The location of the source and sink can change
C. At the sink solute is always actively transported
D. At the sink water returns to the xylem

A

At the sink solute is always actively transported

25
Q

Which statement is NOT true?
Select one:
A. Water can move freely in the apoplast without entering cells
B. The symplast consists of the interconnected cytoplasm of living cells
C. The endodermis is a cell layer in the cortex
D. The casparian strip prevents water from moving between endodermal cells by the apoplast
E. Water can enter the stele (cylinder of vascular tissue in the stem) without entering the symplast

A

Water can enter the stele (cylinder of vascular tissue in the stem) without entering the symplast

26
Q

Proton pumps in the plasma membranes of plant cells may

Select one:
A. Are involved in the movement of K+ into guard cells
B. Contribute to the movement of anions through a cotransport mechanism
C. All answers apply
D. Generate a membrane potential that helps drive cations into the cell through their specific channels

A

all answers apply

27
Q

In the xylem,
Select one:
A. The products of photosynthesis travel down the stem
B. Living cells pump the sap upwards
C. Roots drive the force of sap movement
D. The sap is under tension

A

The sap is under tension

28
Q

What would enhance water uptake by a plant cell?

Select one:

a. positive pressure on the surrounding solution
b. the loss of solutes from the cell
c. increasing the pressure exerted by the cell wall
d. decreasing the water potential of the surrounding solution
e. increasing the water potential of the cytoplasm

A

positive pressure on the surrounding solution

29
Q
A