1.2- Studying Human Life

Question 1

A subdivision of microanatomy that focuses on the study of body tissues: _

Answer 1

Histology

Question 2

The study of the body’s structure - its parts and their relationships to one another: _

Answer 2

Anatomy

Question 3

A subdivision of developmental anatomy that studies developmental changes that occur before birth: _

Answer 3

embryology

Question 4

The principle of complementarity states that you cannot separate _ from _. One always determines and depends on the other.

Answer 4

Anatomy, Physiology

Question 5

Medical students first began to receive training in anatomy at the University of _ in _ around the year 1288.

Answer 5

Bologna, Italy

Question 6

The study of the body’s function - how the body parts work and carry out their activities: _

Answer 6

Physiology

Question 7

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye is called _ anatomy.

Answer 7

gross, microscopic

Question 8

Determine whether each of the following examples would be classified as structure or function

1. The fragile windpipe does not easily collapse because it is well supported by cartilagenous rings.
2. The trachea has rings made of cartilage all along its length.
3. The sternum and rib cage are made of strong, sturdy bone
4. The thoracic cage protects the delicate heart and lungs from external trauma.
5. The simultaneous contraction of several layers of smooth muscle in the stomach wall helps churn food as it is being digested
6. The stomach walls are made of multiple layers of smooth muscle, each of which runs at a different angle

Answer 8

1. Function
2. Structure
3. Structure
4. Function
5. Function
6. Structure

Question 9

_ anatomy is one appraoch to studying gross anatomy in which you study all the structures in a particular area of the body (e.g., all the bones, muscles, blood vessels, and nerves of the shoulder).

Answer 9

Regional

Question 10

_ anatomy is an approach to studying gross anatomy in which you study one body system at a time (e.g., the heart and all the blood vessels throughout the entire body).

Answer 10

Systemic

Question 11

A subdivision of physiology that focuses on the inner workings of the kidneys (e.g., the mechanism of urine production): _ physiology

Answer 11

Renal

Question 12

Electrical currents are used to help one part of the body communicate with another; Blood pressure is essential in the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells; Muscles use bones to produce movement. These are all examples of how the principles of _ are part of the foundation of human physiology.

Answer 12

physics

Question 13

_physiology is a subdivision of physiology that focuses on the inner workings of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

Answer 13

Neuro, Neuro-

Question 14

A subdivision of microanatomy that focuses on the study of cells: _

Answer 14

Cytology

Question 15

_ anatomy is an approach to studying gross anatomy in which you study one body system at a time (e.g., the heart and all the blood vessels throughout the entire body).

Answer 15

Systemic

Question 16

The body’s abilities ultimately depends on the _ reactions that go on within its _.

Answer 16

chemical, cells

Question 17

You are not crushed by air pressure outside your body because the pressures exerted from within your body are _ to the pressures being exerted from the outside.

Answer 17

equal to

Question 18

Our body temperature is 37*C because that number provides the optimal balance between protection from fungal species invasion and the costs of of extra food consumption.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

If you get too cold, your blood vessels will _ and you’ll shiver to warm up.

Answer 19

contract

Question 20

When the body burns fuel to produce energy, it begins with substances reactants whose atoms are rearranged into different substances called products, one of which is energy in the form of heat. Classify the following substances as reactants or products:

1. glucose
2. oxygen
3. carbon dioxide
4. water
5. energy

Answer 20

1. reactant
2. reactant
3. product
4. product
5. product

Question 21

As body temperature drops below _ * Celsius (98.6* F), metabolic reactions become slower and slower, and eventually stop.

Answer 21

37

Question 22

_ provides the environment necessary for chemical reactions to take place in the body.

Answer 22

water

Question 23

When body temperature is too high, chemical reactions happen too _.

Answer 23

fast

Question 24

Chemical reactions that release energy from food require _.

Answer 24

oxygen

Question 25

When we breathe in, our diaphragm contracts and pulls downward, _ the volume of our thoracic cavity, which causes air from the outside to rush inward.

Answer 25

increasing, expanding

Question 26

You are not crushed by air pressure outside your body because the pressures exerted from within your body are pushing back against the pressures being exerted from the outside.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

The human body's survival needs include which of the following? a. normal atmospheric pressure b. normal body temperature c. oxygen d. water e. growth f. nutrients g. reproduction h. excretion

Answer 27

a,b,c,d,f

Question 28

The activity of the _ system generates most of the body heat.

Answer 28

muscular

Question 29

The study of the structural changes that occur throughout the lifetime: _ anatomy

Answer 29

developmental

Question 30

The subdivisions of physiology consider the specific organ systems at the cellular and molecular level.

Answer 30

true

Question 31

_ anatomy is an approach to studying gross anatomy in which you study one body system at a time (e.g., the heart and all the blood vessels throughout the entire body).

Answer 31

systemic

Question 32

Breaking down more complex cellular structures into simpler ones is called _.

Answer 32

catabolism

Question 33

Most nutrients are absorbed in the large intestine.

Answer 33

false (most absorbed in small intestine)

Question 34

Metabolism includes all the chemical reactions that take place under which of the following categories? (Check all that apply.) a. anabolic (building new substances) b. cellular respiration (using oxygen and nutrients to make ATP) c. catabolic (breaking substances down)

Answer 34

a,b,c

Question 35

The process of removing wastes is called _.

Answer 35

excretion

Question 36

Decide whether each of the following would qualify as muscle movement: 1. food moving through the digestive tract 2. performing bicep curls at the gym 3. the heart pumping blood throughout the body 4. the blood vessels expanding and contracting to help regulate body temperature 5. urine being expelled from the body by the bladder 6. the brain sending a nerve impulse down the spinal cord

Answer 36

1. yes 2. yes 3. yes 4. yes 5. yes 6. no

Question 37

If constructive activities occur at a faster rate than destructive activities, growth will occur.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

The digestive system's role in metabolism is to provide _, which may be broken down to produce energy.

Answer 38

nutrients

Question 39

The respiratory system helps us get rid of excess carbon dioxide in the blood by increasing the rate at which we _.

Answer 39

exhale, inhale, breathe.

Question 40

Your brain senses that your blood sugar has fallen too low and signals you to eat. This is an example of the body's _.

Answer 40

responsiveness, excitability

Question 41

The cardiovascular system's role in metabolism is to provide _ for nutrients and oxygen.

Answer 41

delivery, transportation

Question 42

Living things must maintain boundaries between which of the following? (Select all the apply.) a. one body cavity and another b. organs and body cavity walls c. the outside of the body and the inside of the body as whole d. intracellular and extracellular compartments

Answer 42

a,b,c,d

Question 43

The force that air exerts on the surface of the body is called _.

Answer 43

atmospheric pressure, air pressure

Question 44

The body's abilities ultimately depends on the _ reactions that go on within its _.

Answer 44

chemical, cells

Question 45

The respiratory system's role in metabolism is to provide _ , which is required for many for chemical reactions.

Answer 45

oxygen

Question 46

The respiratory system helps us get rid of excess carbon dioxide in the blood by increasing the rate at which we _.

Answer 46

breathe

Question 47

Someone with a "fast metabolism" burns calories from food at a higher rate than someone with a "slow metabolism."

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Reproduction occurs and both the cellular and whole-person levels.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Growth only results when there is an increase in the number of cells an organism has.

Answer 49

false

Question 50

The digestive system's role in metabolism is to provide _, which may be broken down to produce energy.

Answer 50

nutrients

Question 51

Solid waste is produced and excreted from the body by the _ system while liquid waste and excess water is eliminated by the _ system.

Answer 51

digestive, urinary

Question 52

For growth to occur, catabolic activities have to outpace anabolic activities.

Answer 52

false

Question 53

The process of removing wastes is called _.

Answer 53

excretion

Question 54

The knee jerk reflex that occurs when your patellar tendon is tapped is an example of _.

Answer 54

responsiveness

Question 55

The higher our internal body temperature, the more food we would have to eat in order to maintain it.

Answer 55

true

Question 56

Heart attacks are the most common cause of death in people who have gone without sufficient food for a long period of time.

Answer 56

true

Question 57

Medical students first began to receive training in anatomy at the University of _ in _ around the year 1288.

Answer 57

Bologna, Italy